目的：通过检测Daxx蛋白在儿童急性白血病骨髓细胞中的表达，探讨其与急性白血病临床分型和预后的关系，为进一步研究抗白血病治疗新靶点提供思路。方法：应用免疫组织化学链霉素亲和素-生物素-过氧化酶复合物（SABC）方法检测50例儿童急性白血病骨髓细胞Daxx蛋白的表达，对照组为20例非恶性血液病且骨髓正常患儿。结果：在50例急性白血病患儿骨髓细胞中，Daxx蛋白阳性表达率为38.0%，显著高于正常骨髓组织（P<0.05）；Daxx在急性非淋巴细胞白血病患儿骨髓细胞中的阳性表达率为62.5%，显著高于正常骨髓组织（P<0.05）和急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿（P<0.05）；Daxx在急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿骨髓细胞中的阳性表达率为26.5%，与正常骨髓组织比较差异无显著性（P>0.05）； Daxx在高危（HR）、标危（SR）急性淋巴细胞白血病患儿骨髓细胞中的阳性表达率为55.6%和0，两者比较差异有显著性（P<0.05）。结论：Daxx蛋白在儿童急性白血病中异常表达，并且与儿童急性白血病的某些临床特征密切相关，可能在儿童急性白血病的发生发展过程中起重要的作用。 ［中国当代儿科杂志，2007，9（1）：33-36］

OBJECTIVE: To investigate Daxx expression and its clinical significance in children with acute leukemia. METHODS: The expression of Daxx protein was detected by immunohistochemical assay in 50 children with newly diagnosed acute leukemia (34 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia and 16 cases of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia). Twenty children with normal bone marrow were used as the control group. RESULTS: Daxx protein was expressed in 38.0% of 50 children with acute leukemia, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (5.0%) (P<0.05). The children with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia had significantly higher Daxx expression levels (62.5%) than those with acute lymphocytic leukemia (26.5%; P<0.05) as well as the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the Daxx expression between acute lymphocytic leukemia children and the control group. Daxx protein was expressed in 55.6% of high risk group of acute lymphocytic leukemia but it was not expressed in standard risk group of acute lymphocytic leukemia (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Daxx expression is abnormal in children with acute leukemia and associated with some clinical features of acute leukemia, suggesting that it may play an important role in the genesis and development of acute leukemia. ［Chin J Contemp Pediatr, 2007, 9 (1) :33-36］