目的：小儿白血病发病形势严峻，中国大陆近5年仅有少量文献涉及小儿白血病的发病情况，该文对2002~2005年湖南省县市以上各医院新发小儿白血病临床资料进行分析，以期对湖南省小儿白血病的发病调查起到抛砖引玉的作用。方法：将收集到的2002-2005年湖南省各县市以上医院新发小儿白血病资料进行统计分析。结果：2002-2005年湖南省县市以上各医院小儿白血病新发病例803例，其中急性淋巴细胞性白血病占绝大部分（74.35%），男性与女性在白血病临床分型的分布及新发病例率上差异无显著性；城市新发病例高于农村（2.02/105 ∶1.50/105），接受治疗的比例也高于农村（41.79% ∶22.80%），差异有显著性，P<0.05。结论：小儿白血病的发病情况呈逐年上升趋势，进行湖南省小儿白血病的发病情况调查迫在眉睫。［中国当代儿科杂志，2007，9（3）：198-200］

OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed the clinical data of newly diagnosed childhood leukemia from various hospitals in the cities or counties of Hunan Province between 2002 and 2005 in order to provide references for further epidemiologic survey of childhood leukemia. METHODS: The clinical data of children with newly diagnosed leukemia from hospitals of various cities or counties of Hunan Province between 2002 and 2005 were collected and reviewed. RESULTS: There were 803 children with leukemia during 2002-2005. Acute lymphoid leukemia was most commonly seen (597/803, 74.35%), followed by acute non-lymphoid leukemia (192/803, 23.91%) and chronic myelocytic leukemia (14/803, 1.74%). There were no significant differences in the clinical type and the prevalence of leukemia between males and females. The prevalence of newly diagnosed childhood leukemia in the urban area was noticeably higher than that in the rural area (2.02/105 vs 1.50/105, P<0.05). 41.79% of children with newly diagnosed leukemia from the urban area received treatments but only 22.80% of patients from the rural area received treatments (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study of patients-based hospitals showed some features of the morbidity of childhood leukemia in Hunan Province. It provides references for further epidemiologic investigation of this disease in Hunan Province.［Chin J Contemp Pediatr, 2007, 9 (3):198-200］