目的：颅内出血是造成极低出生体重（VLBW）儿智力及运动障碍主要原因之一，了解其发病的危险因素、及早预防，可减少残疾、提高生存质量。方法研究169例极低出生体重儿，对产前因素及生后因素进行分析，采用SPSS12.0对数据进行卡方检验,有意义因素再进行logistic回归分析,得出回归方程。结果胎膜早破、1分钟Apgar评分≤7分、使用PS及呼吸机治疗、上机时间＞3 d、入院时PT＞20 s、生后1 d和2 d低钠血症及生后1 d pH值＜7.25为VLBW颅内出血危险因素。结论1分钟Apgar评分≤7分和使用呼吸机治疗是VLBW儿颅内出血的主要危险因素，而凝血功能和内环境紊乱均与缺氧窒息有关。因此，作好产前保健，减少窒息及生后合并症发生，有利于降低VLBW儿颅内出血发生率，提高患儿生存质量。 ［中国当代儿科杂志，2007，9（4）：297-300］

OBJECTIVE: To study the risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants. METHODS: Data from 169 very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (birth weight 1000-1500 g; gestational age 23-36 weeks) were studied retrospectively. Twenty-nine perinatal and postnatal factors were analyzed by Crosstabs Test with SPSS 12.0. A logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors associated with the development of intracranial hemorrhage. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that rupture of membranes (OR=0.146, 95%CI=0.22-0.964, P<0.05), 1-minute Apgar score ≤ 7 (OR=0.112, 95%CI=0.21-0.591, P<0.01), pulmonary surfactant therapy (OR=0.110, 95%CI=0.24-0.504, P<0.01), mechanical ventilation therapy (OR =0.076, 95%CI=0.009-0.668, P<0.05), mechanical ventilation duration > 72 hrs(OR=0.053, 95%CI=0.007-0.410, P<0.01), prothrombin time > 20 seconds (OR=4.186, 95%CI=1.606-10.923, P<0.01), pH value on day 1 of life <7.25 (OR=0.421, 95%CI=0.179-0.995, P<0.05)and hyponatremia on day 1 (OR= 0.27, 95%CI=0.077-0.940, P<0.05) or 2 (OR=2.480, 95%CI=1.053-5.838, P<0.05) of life were risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: 1-minute Apgar score ≤7 and mechanical ventilation treatment were leading risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage, followed by abnormal coagulation and electrolytes related to perinatal asphyxia in VLBW infants. These findings can be used to improve the surveillance and prophylaxis measures in VLBW infants at high risk.［Chin J Contemp Pediatr, 2007, 9 (4):297-300］