目的：哮喘被认为是一种典型的心身疾病。为了探讨儿童的哮喘与气质和其他危险因素之间的关系，更好地开展对哮喘高危儿童的疾病监测和干预，该文对哮喘儿童气质及危险因素进行了研究。方法：采用Carry气质量表，通过病例对照研究方法, 调查了南京地区106例哮喘儿童和106例正常儿童的气质类型、维度和哮喘危险因素。结果：哮喘组与对照组相比，气质适应性、心境、持久性分值较高；哮喘儿童中气质类型，平易型少，中间偏烦型多，差别均有统计意义。同时多因素分析，3～7岁期间每年患感冒次数、过敏史、特应性体质、父母哮喘史、家庭装修及气质心境、持久性与儿童哮喘有关。结论：应该把中间偏烦型气质的儿童作为重点对象，并结合其他危险因素对哮喘儿童进行早期干预和管理。［中国当代儿科杂志，2007，9（5）：411-414］

OBJECTIVE: Asthma is considered as a typical psychosomatic disease. This study aimed to investigate the temperament of asthmatic children and risk factors for asthma. METHODS: Temperamental type and dimensionality were investigated by Carry Temperament Scale in 106 children with asthma. Logistic regression analysis was used to study the risk factors for the development of asthma. One hundred and six age and sex-matched normal children served as controls. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the adaptability, mood value and attention persistence of temperament between asthmatic patients and normal controls. Higher proportion of inter-high difficult temperamental type (17.0% vs 5.7%) and lower proportion of easy temperamental type (16.0% vs 29.2%) were found in children with asthma when compared with controls (P< 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the frequency of cold between 3 and 7 years old, allergic history, idiosyncratic physique, parental history of asthma, house decoration and mood value and attention persistence of temperament were risk factors for the development of asthma. CONCLUSIONS: There were differences in the temperamental type and dimensionality between asthmatic children and normal controls. Children with inter-high difficult temperament and suffered from the above risk factors showed a higher risk for developing asthma.