目的：探讨不同年代儿童哮喘相关病历资料的变化。方法：病例选择：早期病例为第1组，时间从1986年5月起后200份病历，近期病例为第2组，从2006年5月份向前推200份病例，两组病例时间跨度20年。结果：①哮喘伴发其他过敏症及相关的过敏因素变化：哮喘儿童伴过敏性鼻炎者，第1组过敏性鼻炎67例（33.5%），第2组128例（64.0%）。两组间差异有显著性（P<0.01）。运动性哮喘、药物过敏、对刺激性气味的过敏者增多，两组差异均有显著性 (P<0.05)。食物过敏， 湿疹、荨麻疹、变应原皮试差异无显著性(P>0.05)。②复诊患者数的变化与治疗疗效的变化：在复诊的病例中，第1组为29例，占14.5%，第2组中有112例进行了复诊，占56.0%，两组之间差异有显著性（P<0.01）。结论：哮喘病历资料显示20年来与哮喘有关的其他过敏症增加。哮喘患者的复诊病例数增加，复诊数的增加与近年来笔者采用的吉纳方案治疗儿童哮喘有关，体现了吸入糖皮质激素治疗有较好的疗效及良好的依从性。［中国当代儿科杂志，2007，9（6）：540-542］

OBJECTIVE: The incidence of childhood asthma is growing. This study aimed to find the changes of clinical features of childhood asthma over a 20-year period. METHODS: The medical data of 200 children with asthma between May 1986 and February 1988 (group 1) and of another 200 asthmatic children between June 2005 and May 2006 (group 2) were studied retrospectively. RESULTS: Sixty-seven patients (33.5%) in group 1 and 128 patients (64.0%) in group 2 had concomitant allergic rhinitis (P<0.01). The incidence of exercise-induced asthma, drug allergy and irritating smell allergy was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 (P<0.05). Twenty-nine patients (14.5%) in group 1 and 112 patients (56.0%) in group 2 re-visited to the clinic (P<0.01). The patients in group 1 received nonspecific immune and desensitizing therapy but those in group 2 received inhaled glucocorticoid therapy during the remission stage. After 3 months treatment, asthma was in under control in 11 patients (37.9%, 11/29) in group 1 and in 93 patients in group 2 (83.0%, 93/112) (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of concomitant anaphylaxis increased in asthmatic children over a 20-year period. The compliance of re-exmination has increased in asthmatic children in recent years and this may be associated with a better efficacy of inhaled glucocorticosteroid therapy.［Chin J Contemp Pediatr, 2007, 9 (6):540-542］