目的：提高临床医生对非特异性临床表现的遗传性代谢病的认识，并通过实验室检查早期诊断、早期治疗，减少后遗症。方法：对2003年6月1日至2006年9月30日期间入住上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院儿内科病房的132例非特异性临床表现的高危儿，在常规进行临床生化检查的同时行血串联质谱和尿气相质谱检测。结果：132例中诊断遗传性代谢病15例（11.5%）。其中甲基丙二酸血症(MMA)6例(40％)；丙酸血症2例（13.3%）；瓜氨酸血症-II型2例（13.3%）；生物素酶缺乏症1例（6.7%）；酪氨酸血症1例（6.7%）；枫糖尿病1例（6.7%）；鸟氨酸氨甲酰转移酶缺乏症1例（6.7%）；极长链酰基肉碱辅酶A脱氢酶缺乏症1例（6.7%）。结论：对非特异性临床表现疑似遗传性代谢病的高危儿应及时进行串联质谱及气相质谱检查有助于遗传性代谢病的检出。

OBJECTIVE: Many inborn errors of metabolism have similar presenting clinical manifestations, making early diagnosis difficult. We report our experience with tandem mass spectrometry combined with urine gas chromatography/mass spectrometry as a means of definitively diagnosing inborn errors of metabolism. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-two children with suspected inborn errors of metabolism but without specific clinical manifestations, admitted to the Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine between June 1, 2003 and September 30, 2006, were studied. Children received routine biochemical examinations, as well as mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Fifteen cases (11.5%) were confirmed as having inborn errors of metabolism, including 6 cases of methylmalonic acidemia, 2 of propionic academia, 2 of Type II citrullinemia, 1 of biotinidase deficiency, 1 of tyrosinemia, 1 of maple syrup urine disease, 1 of omithine transcarbamylase deficiency and 1 of very long chain Acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. CONCLUSIONS: The combined use of tandem mass spectrometry with urine gas chromatography mass spectrometry is useful for early diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism in children with suspected inborn errors of metabolism but without specific clinical manifestations.