目的：观察缺氧缺血性脑损伤（HIBD）新生大鼠移植人神经干细胞（hNSCs）后高压氧（HBO）对外源性hNSCs体内神经元分化的影响。方法：新生7 d的SD大鼠HIBD模型制作后3 d经脑室移植hNSCs，并分成移植组（n=8）和移植+HBO组（n=8）。移植+HBO组于移植后1 h进行HBO治疗，每日1次，10 d后断头取脑，应用免疫荧光方法检测植入细胞在皮层、海马神经元分化情况。结果：移植后10 d，植入细胞分化形成神经元，分布以海马、皮层为主。统计学结果表明，在皮层，两组分化的神经元计数差异无显著性（P>0.05）；而在海马区，移植+HBO组神经元分化存活的数量较单纯移植组多，差异有显著性（P<0.05）。结论：HIBD新生大鼠移植hNSCs后HBO促进海马区外源性hNSC向神经元的分化。

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) on the differentiation of the implanted human neural stem cells (hNSCs) into neurons in neonatal rats following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD). METHODS: HIBD model was prepared by ligation of the left common carotid artery, followed by 8% hypoxia exposure in 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat pups. Three days later, the rats received implantation of hNSCs into the left cerebral ventricles. Then the survived rats were randomly divided into two groups: transplantation alone and transplantation+HBO (n=8 each). HBO treatment was administered (1.8 ATA, 1 hr once daily for 10 days) in the transplantation+HBO group 1 hr after hNSCs transplantation. Brains were removed 10 days after transplantation. Frozen coronal sections were prepared for immunofluorescence analysis to detect the neural differentiation of the transplanted cells in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. RESULTS: Differentiated neurons of implanted cells distributed mainly in the cortex and the hippocampus of the injured side. There was no difference in the number of neurons in the cortex between the two groups, while the number of neurons in the hippocampus significantly increased in the transplantation+HBO group compared with that in the transplantation alone group (231.4+15.1 vs 162.6+5.6; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: HBO treatment may promote the differentiation of implanted hNSCs into neurons in the hippocampus of neonatal rats following HIBD.