目的：调查该院新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）下呼吸道感染的病原菌及其耐药性。方法：对2005年1月至2006年12月该院NICU 1 173例下呼吸道感染新生儿的痰液标本经分离培养,做菌株鉴定和药敏试验。结果：共分离培养出病原菌707株,阳性率为60.3%。其中革兰阴性菌521株,占73.7%;革兰阳性菌106株,占15.0%;真菌80株,占11.3%。革兰阴性菌以大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌和肠杆菌为主,较敏感的抗生素为亚胺培南、环丙沙星、第四代头孢菌素、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、丁胺卡那霉素,肠杆菌的敏感谱与之相似,但敏感率较低。革兰阳性菌中以金黄色葡萄球菌和其他凝固酶阴性的葡萄球菌(CNS）为主。金黄色葡萄球菌和其他CNS对青霉素的耐药率达到100%,对万古霉素、环丙沙星和哌拉西林/他唑巴坦敏感。结论： 该院NICU下呼吸道感染的病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主, 大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌为主要病原菌。

ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological characteristics of pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility in neonates with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). MethodsSputum specimens for bacterial cultures were collected from 1 173 neonates with LRTL between January 2005 and December 2006. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed after bacteria had been identified. ResultsA total of 707 pathogenic strains (60.3%) were identified, including 521 (73.7%) Gram-negative bacilli, 106 (15.0%) Gram-positive bacilli, and 80 (11.3%) fungi. E Coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and enteric bacilli were common cultured Gram-negative bacilli. Most strains of Gram-negative bacilli were susceptible to meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, the fourth generation cephalosporin, cebfoperazone/sulbactam and amikacin. Staphylococcus aureus and coagula-negative staphylococci (CNS) were common in the cultured Gram-positive bacilli. Staphylococcus aureus and CNS were susceptible to vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and piperacillin/tazobactam but were resistant to Penicillin.ConclusionsGram-negative bacilli predominate the pathogens of LRTI in neonates. E Coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are major pathogens.