目的：儿童腹股沟疝为出生缺陷中常见疾病类型，目前关于其发病危险因素的报道尚不多见。该研究旨在探讨儿童腹股沟疝发生的主要危险因素。方法：采用频数匹配的病例对照研究方法，对132例0～6岁腹股沟疝患儿和132例0～6岁对照儿童的情况进行问卷调查，用χ2检验和logistic回归对所收集资料进行单因素及多因素分析，计算OR值（比值比）及OR值的95%CI（可信区间）。结果：儿童腹股沟疝与儿童啼哭不安史（OR=3.701，95%CI：1.724～7.945）、母亲孕前1年和孕期头3个月腌制品摄入史（OR=2.534，95%CI：1.279～5.021）、母亲孕前1年和孕期头3个月贫血史（OR=3.761，95%CI：1.497～9.450） 及儿童腹股沟疝家族史（OR=13.505，95%CI：5.825～31.307）有关。结论： 儿童啼哭不安史、腹股沟疝家族史、母亲孕前1年和孕期头3个月贫血史及腌制品摄入史是儿童腹股沟疝发生的危险因素。

ObjectiveInguinal hernia is a common birth defect in children, but there is limited information about the risk factors for this disorder. The study aimed to explore the risk factors for the development of this disorder in children.MethodsA frequency matching case-control study based on hospital group data was performed. One hundred and thirty-two 0-6 years old children with inguinal hernia and 132 aged-matched controls were enrolled. Children′s general characteristics and their mothers′ general characteristics before and during pregnancy were obtained by a questionnaire survey. Risk factors for inguinal hernia were investigated by logistic regression analysis.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the development of inguinal hernia was related to children′s cry and unease records (OR=3.701，95%CI：1.724-7.945), maternal consumption for pickles (OR=2.534， 95%CI: 1.279-5.021) and maternal anemia (OR=3.761，95%CI：1.497-9.450) one year before pregnancy and during the first 3 months of pregnancy, and the family history of inguinal hernia (OR=13.505，95%CI：5.825-31.307).ConclusionsChildren′s cry and unease records, maternal anemia and pickle consumption one year before pregnancy and during the first 3 months of pregnancy, and family history of inguinal hernia are risk factors for the development of inguinal hernia in children.