目的：评价重组人类基因促红细胞生成素(rhu-EPO)对早产儿神经行为发育的影响。方法：对44例早产儿（男30例，女14例）随机分为对照组、rhu-EPO治疗组，每组各22例，治疗组于生后第7天予rhu-EPO治疗4周，所有早产儿于纠正胎龄40周行新生儿行为神经检测(NBNA)，生后6，12月用Gesell量表法进行神经发育评价。结果：①治疗组NBNA评分36.20±0.75分，高于对照组的34.40±1.05分(P<0.05)；②治疗组Gesell发育量表在生后6月，治疗组精细动作的发育商高于对照组，在生后12月治疗组有3个能区（即大运动、精细动作和语言能区）的发育商高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：早期应用rhu-EPO可促进早产儿神经行为的发育。

OJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the early use of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhu-EPO) on neurobehavioral development in preterm infants. METHODS: Forty-four preterm infants (30 males and 14 females) were randomly divided into two groups: Rhu-EPO treatment and untreated control (n=22 each). From postnatal day 7, the Rhu-EPO treatment group received intravenous rhu-EPO (250 IU/kg, 3 times weekly) for 4 weeks. A Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment (NBNA) was performed at 40 weeks of corrected gestational age. A Gesell Development Schedule was used to evaluate neurological development 6 and 12 months after birth. RESULTS: The NBNA score in the rhu-EPO treatment group (36.20±0.75) was significantly higher than that in the control group (34.40±1.05) at 40 weeks of corrected gestational age (P<0.05). The developmental quotient of fine motor in the rhu-EPO treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group 6 months after birth (P<0.05). By 12 months after birth, the developmental quotient of gross motor, fine motor and language in the rhu-EPO treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Early use of Rhu-EPO can promote neurobehavioral development in preterm infants.