目的：注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder，ADHD)是儿童常见的一种行为障碍性疾病，在完成认知任务时脑电慢波（θ）活动增强，快波（β）活动减弱。该研究通过观察θ/β比值的变化、结合整和视听连续执行测试（integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test，IVACPT）进行评估，探讨脑电生物反馈对儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的治疗效果。方法：对30例ADHD儿童进行脑电生物反馈治疗，抑制4~8 Hz的θ波，强化16~20 Hz的β波，观察θ/β比值的变化，采用IVA-CPT进行评估。结果：30例ADHD儿童经2个以上疗程的治疗，治疗后较治疗前脑电θ/β比值显著下降（P< 0.01），综合反应控制商数、听反应控制商数、视反应控制商数，综合注意力商数、听注意力商数、视注意力商数均较治疗前有明显提高（P< 0.01）。结论：脑电生物反馈治疗可以降低θ/β比值，提高注意力，减少多动，是治疗儿童ADHD的一种有效方法。

OBJECTIVE: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common behavioral disorder in children. When the children fulfill cognition tasks, brain θ wave activity increases and β wave activity weakens. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of electroencephalographic (EEG) biofeedback therapy for ADHD in children by assessing the changes of the ratio of brain θ to β waves and the integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test (IVA-CPT). METHODS: EEG biofeedback therapy was performed in 30 children with ADHD. The ratio of brain θ to β waves was measured before and after therapy. IVA-CPT was used to assess the effectiveness of biofeedback therapy. RESULTS: After two courses of treatment, the mean ratio of brain θ to β waves in the 30 children with ADHD was significantly reduced from 12.32±4.35 (before treatment) to 6.54±1.27 (P<0.01). IVA-CPT demonstrated that the values of six indexes measured, including integrate reaction control quotient, integrate attention quotient, auditory and visual reaction control quotients, auditory and visual attention control quotients, were significantly increased after biofeedback therapy (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: EEG biofeedback can reduce the ratio of brain θ to β waves and lead to significant decreases in inattention and hyperactivity and it is effective for treatment of ADHD in children.