目的：探讨儿童注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）与ABO血型基因的关联趋势。方法：应用玻片法检测96名ADHD儿童及其父母的血型，聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性检测血型的O基因。同时应用基于单体型的单体型相对风险分析患者组与父母内对照组，进行传递不平衡检验和卡方检验。结果：①96名患者与父母内对照组ABO血型基因传递不平衡检验得出χ2=6.017，df=2，P<0.05。②父母A和B基因传递情况单独进行卡方检验得出χ2=3.289，df=1，P=0.07，父母O与B基因传递情况比较， χ2=3.629，df=1，P=0.057。患者中O、A基因明显多于B基因，差异接近显著性。结论：ABO血型基因与儿童ADHD有一定的关联趋势。O、A基因可增加ADHD的患病危险性，B基因可减少本病的危险性。［中国当代儿科杂志，2009，11（5）：371-373］

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between ABO blood type gene and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. METHODS: ABO blood types were determined using glass sheet method in 96 children with ADHD and their parents. O gene was identified using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism in patients with A or B blood type. Haplotype-based haplotype relative risk (HHRR), transmission-disequilibrium test (TDT) and Chi-square test were used to examine the association between ABO gene and ADHD. RESULTS: TDT results showed significant differences in the allele of ABO between the 96 children with ADHD and within-family controls(χ2=6.017, df=2, P<0.05). Chi-square test results showed differences in the allele of A and B (χ2=3.289, df=1, P=0.07) as well as O and B (χ2=3.629, df=1, P=0.057 ) between ADHD children and within-family controls. The frequencies of O and A genes were higher than that of B gene in ADHD children. CONCLUSIONS: There was correlation between ABO blood type gene and ADHD in children. The risk of ADHD is increased in the presence of alleles O and A, but the risk is reduced in the presence of allele B.［Chin J Contemp Pediatr, 2009, 11 (5):371-373］