目的：高压氧（hyperbaric oxygen，HBO）治疗缺氧缺血性脑损伤（hypoxic-ischemic brain damage，HIBD）的机制尚未明了，其在HIBD中的应用也一直存有争议。该课题试图从神经细胞存活数目和中枢神经电生理传导速度两个角度探讨HBO对宫内HIBD新生大鼠脑损伤的修复作用。方法：建立HIBD新生大鼠动物模型，随机分为HIBD组、HIBD+HBO组、单纯HBO组和对照组4组，每组10只。HBO组大鼠于术后24 h应用0.02 MPa的高压氧治疗，1 h/d，持续14 d。于大鼠4周龄时采用脑干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）、苏木精伊红染色、尼氏染色观察大鼠脑功能和脑组织病理学变化。结果：经HBO治疗后，BAEP结果显示,HIBD+HBO组的II、IV波潜伏期(PL)及I～IV波峰间期(IPL)均短于HIBD组(P<0.05)；苏木精-伊红染色见对照组海马无异常，HIBD+HBO组海马轻度异常，HIBD组海马明显异常。神经元尼氏染色计数显示，HIBD+HBO组海马存活神经元数目较HIBD组多(P<0.05)，单纯HBO组存活神经元数目较对照组多(P<0.05)。结论：早期高压氧疗可通过提高突触传递效率，影响中枢神经电生理传导速度和减少神经元死亡而促进宫内HIBD新生大鼠损伤脑的修复。［中国当代儿科杂志，2009，11（5）：380-384］

OBJECTIVE: The application and the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) remain controversial. This study aimed to explore the effects of HBO on brain functional outcome and possible repair mechanisms in neonatal rats with intrauterine HIBD in aspects of the number of survived neurons and the central nervous electrophysiological conduction velocity. METHODS: A rat model of intrauterine HIBD was prepared. Subjects were divided into four groups at random: HIBD, HBO-treated HIBD group, normal control and HBO-treated normal control. After 24 hrs of the operation, the two HBO-treated groups received HBO treatment (0.02 MPa, 1 hr/d) for 14 days. When the rats were 4 weeks old, the electrophysiological changes in the central nervous system (CNS) were observed by brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) for assessing brain function. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Nissl's stainting were employed to observe the pathological change and the number of neurons in the hippocampus. RESULTS: The peak latency of waves II and IV and the interpeak latency of waves I-IV in the HBO-treated HIBD group were shortened compared with those in the untreated HIBD group (P<0.05). HE staining displayed that the pathological injuries in the hippocampus were alleviated in the HBO-treated HIBD group when compared with the untreated HIBD group. Nissl's staining showed that survived neurons in the HBO-treated HIBD group were more than the untreated HIBD group (P<0.05). The HBO-treated control group showed increased survived neurons compared with the untreated control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Early HBO treatment might improve brain functional outcome through increasing synaptic transmission efficiency, improving central nervous electrophysiological conduction velocity and reducing neuron death in neonatal rats with intrauterine HIBD.［Chin J Contemp Pediatr, 2009, 11 (5):380-384］