目的：心脉隆是从昆虫类美洲大蠊中提取和制备的化合物，主要用于心血管疾病的治疗。该文研究心脉隆对窒息新生鼠心肌缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)与血浆内皮素1（ET-1）的影响，探讨心脉隆对心肌缺氧缺血性损伤的保护机制。方法：新生7日龄Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为假手术组(n=30)、窒息组(n=30)、心脉隆组(n=30)。每组再分6 h，24 h，72 h 3个时间点，每个时间点各10只，心脉隆组在进行窒息前5 min给予心脉隆注射液5 mg/kg腹腔注射。检测新生鼠心肌的HIF-1α，ET-1,心肌酶CK及心肌组织病理学。结果：窒息组4只鼠死亡，心脉隆组1只鼠死亡。窒息组心肌HIF-1α的表达与血浆ET-1水平于6 h升高，24 h达到高峰，72 h下降，均高于假手术组(P＜0.01)；3个时间点均可见心肌缺血，24 h还可见细胞坏死；HIF-1α的表达与血浆ET-1水平呈正相关(r=0.876,P＜0.01)。与窒息组同时间点比较，心脉隆组心肌酶CK、血浆ET-1的水平和心肌HIF-1α的表达均显著减低(P＜0.01)，且可见心肌缺血改善，未见细胞坏死。结论：窒息时心肌HIF-1α表达和血浆ET-1，CK水平升高；心脉隆可降低HIF-1α表达，降低血浆ET-1的水平，减轻心肌缺氧缺血性损伤。［中国当代儿科杂志，2009，11（8）：683-686］

OBJECTIVE: Xinmailong, a compound extracted from periplaneta americana, is used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated the effects of Xinmailong on myocardial hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and plasma endothelin-1(ET-1) levels in neonatal rats with asphyxia and explored the protection mechanism of Xinmailong in hypoxia-ischemic myocardial injury. METHODS: Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=30 each): sham-operated, asphyxia, Xinmailong-treated asphyxia. Each group was randomly subdivided into three groups according to the observed time points: 6 hrs, 24 hrs and 72 hrs. Xinmailong (5 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected to the rats in the Xinmailong-treated group five minutes before asphyxia. Myocardial HIF-1α expression, and plasma ET-1 and creatine kinase (CK) levels were measured. The histopathologic changes of the myocardium were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS: Four rats died in the asphyxia group while only one died in the Xinmailong-treated group during the experiment. The plasma ET-1 and CK levels as well as myocardial HIF-1α expression increased at 6 hrs, reached a peak at 24 hrs, and declined at 72 hrs after asphyxia in the asphyxia group, being higher than that in the sham-operated group (P<0.01). Myocardial ischemia was observed in the three time points, and cell necrosis occurred at 24 hrs after asphyxia in the asphyxia group. Myocardial HIF-1α expression was positively correlated with plasma ET-1 levels (r=0.876, P<0.01). In the Xinmailong-treated group, plasma levels of CK and ET-1 as well as myocardial HIF-1α expression were significantly lower than those in the asphyxia group (P<0.01). Myocardial ischemia was alleviated and no cell necrosis was found in the Xinmailong-treated group. CONCLUSIONS: Asphyxia leads to increase in myocardial HIF-1α expression and plasma levels of ET-1 and CK. Xinmailong can reduce the myocardial expression of HIF-1α and decrease plasma ET-1 levels, thus alleviating hypoxia-ischemic myocardial injury.［Chin J Contemp Pediatr, 2009, 11 (8):683-686］