目的：家长对过敏性疾病的认知状况及其对儿童过敏性疾病发展和转归的影响不容忽视。该研究旨在了解儿童家长对过敏性疾病的认知状况和信息需求，使医护人员有针对性地进行过敏性疾病的预防宣教工作。方法：采用自行设计的问卷，对儿童保健科门诊随机抽取的357名儿童家长进行横断面调查。对调查结果进行描述性统计分析，独立样本t检验分析及logistic回归模型分析。结果：收回有效问卷350份，有效应答率为98.0%。56.0%家长不知哮喘属于过敏性疾病，72.0%不知过敏性疾病可以表现为腹泻。70.9%家长认为引起儿童食物过敏的最常见的食物是海产品，37.4%家长认为如果孩子筛查出对某种食物过敏，则应终生避免该种食物。97.7%家长所需求的信息数超过3个，53%家长最想了解过敏性疾病的临床表现；家长受教育程度、本人或一级亲属有无过敏史分别对临床表现、预防措施的需求不同，OR分别为2.042和8.045，均P<0.05。家长需要通过可靠而广泛的途径如专题讲座、发放宣传资料来获得有关过敏性疾病的信息。结论：①家长对过敏性疾病的认识片面，对某些问题的认识有误区； ②家长对过敏性疾病诸多信息有迫切的需求； ③儿科医务工作者应多渠道为家长提供过敏性疾病的相关知识。［中国当代儿科杂志，2009，11（9）：725-728］

OBJECTIVE: It is widely agreed that comprehensive parental advice and education is a cornerstone of allergic disease management. This study was designed to investigate the parental cognition condition on allergic diseases and information needs, so that medical staff can carry on related education and prevention work for children's parents more efficiently. METHODS: A total of 357 parents from the department of child health care were randomly enrolled. A cross-sectional study was carried out using a self-designed questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis, logistic regression model and t test were used to analyze the survey results. RESULTS: Three hundred and fifty (98.0%) effective responses were received to the questionnaires. Fifty-six percent of the parents did not know that asthma was one of the stages in an allergic disease. Seventy-two percent of the parents did not know the fact that allergic disease could manifest as diarrhea. The majority of the parents (70.9%) thought that the most common food leading to allergy was seafood, and 37.4% of parents thought that if a child was allergic to some food, then he or she should not eat the food for life. Almost all of the parents (97.7%) required information on allergic diseases and 53% of the parents wanted to understand clinical manifestations of allergic diseases. There were statistical significances in the needs to information on clinical manifestations of allergic diseases among parents with different education levels (OR=2.042, P<0.05). The need for knowledge of allergic diseases in parents with an allergic disease or an allergic family history were different from the parents without (OR=8.045, P<0.05). Listening to lectures and receiving education handbooks on allergic diseases from doctors or health care workers were regarded as essential by parents. CONCLUSIONS: Parental knowledge about allergic diseases is limited, and some of the knowledge is wrong. The parents want much information about allergic diseases. It is necessary to provide education and prevention programs on allergic diseases for parents through various ways.［Chin J Contemp Pediatr, 2009, 11 (9):725-728］