目的：探讨婴幼儿反复喘息常见原因，并进一步指导临床诊治。方法：对常规诊治无明显好转的持续或频繁反复喘息的67例患儿行电子支气管镜检查。结果：镜下见气管支气管内膜炎19例，内膜炎伴有炎性狭窄的11例；支气管异物11例；气管、支气管软化19例；支气管肺发育不良3例，支气管内膜结核1例，会厌囊肿1例，喉乳头状瘤1例，管外受压(胸腺)1例。结论：对反复多次咳喘或常规治疗效果欠佳的喘息患儿应积极寻找病因并进一步检查，除炎症以外，气管、支气管软化及支气管异物也是相对多见的原因，电子支气管镜检查是进一步明确此类患儿病因的有效方法。［中国当代儿科杂志，2010，12（6）：447-449］

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the common causes of recurrent wheezing in young children. METHODS: Electronic bronchoscopy was performed on 67 children with recurrent wheezing or who did not respond to the conventional treatment. RESULTS: The electronic bronchoscopy showed intimitis in trachea and bronchi in 19 cases, intimitis and inflammatory stricture in 11 cases, foreign bodies in the bronchi in 11 cases, trachea and bronchus softening in 19 cases, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in 3 cases. The other 4 cases presented endometrial tuberculosis, epiglottic cyst, laryngeal papilloma or compression outside trachea (thymus) under the electronic bronchoscope. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to inflammation, trachea and bronchus softening as well as foreign bodies in the bronchi are also the common causes in children with recurrent wheezing or who do not respond to the conventional treatment. Electronic bronchoscopy appears to be an effective way to determine the cause in these children.［Chin J Contemp Pediatr, 2010, 12 (6):447-449］