目的：探讨高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）对儿童艾滋病（AIDS）的治疗效果。方法：回顾性分析非洲卢旺达某地区38例2～15岁HAART治疗的AIDS患儿的临床资料。结果：（1）38例AIDS患儿中13例贫血患儿情况均得到改善，其中12例轻中度贫血患儿血红蛋白均恢复到正常水平；（2）6例重度免疫抑制患儿中5例CD4 T淋巴细胞数有明显提高，增长24%~1 181%；（3）HAART治疗期间，患儿体重增长年平均为2.3 kg；治疗前发育迟缓的8例患儿有5例恢复到当地同年龄组正常水平。结论：HAART可改善AIDS患儿健康情况，是儿童AIDS患儿的有效选择。［中国当代儿科杂志，2010，12（11）：874-876］

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in children. METHODS: The clinical data of 38 children (2-15 years old) with AIDS from a region of Rwanda and who had received HAART were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: All of 13 children with anemia showed improved anemia symptoms after HAART. The hemoglobin contents returned to normal levels in 12 children with mild or moderate anemia. CD4 T lymphocytes increased by 24%-1 181% in 5 out of 6 cases with severe immunodeficiency after HAART. During the HAART, the weight gain averaged 2.3 kg yearly. The growth and development in 5 out of 8 children with delayed growth restored the levels of normal children of the same age after HAART. CONCLUSIONS: HAART can improve the health status in children with AIDS and is effective for childhood AIDS.［Chin J Contemp Pediatr, 2010, 12 (11):874-876］