目的：了解甘肃省农村地区7岁以下儿童营养不良的现状及其影响因素。方法：采用分层随机整群抽样方法抽取甘肃省4个市县农村地区7岁以下9 390名儿童，进行营养状况调查；用logistic多元回归分析儿童营养不良的主要影响因素。结果：在9 390名儿童中，体重低下检出率为3.60%（338例），生长迟缓为10.56％（992例），5岁以下儿童消瘦检出率为2.49％（196/7 868）；性别、年龄、出生体重、生活方式、父母文化程度、家庭年收入等是营养不良发生的影响因素。结论：甘肃省农村地区7岁以下儿童的营养不良问题值得重视；要通过发展经济增加家庭年收入以及加强营养教育、提高父母亲文化水平、改善儿童生活方式等综合措施有效降低儿童营养不良患病率。［中国当代儿科杂志，2010，12(12)：950-953］

OBJECTIVE: To study the status and influencing factors of malnutrition in rural children under 7 years of age in Gansu Province. METHODS: By stratified random cluster sampling, 9 390 rural children under 7 years of age from 4 counties of Gansu Province were enrolled. A cross-sectional investigation on children's nutritional status was performed. The major influencing factors of malnutrition were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The detection rate of under-weight was 3.60% (338 cases). The growth retardation occurred in 992 cases (10.56%). Athrepsy was found in 196 cases (2.49%) out of 7 868 children under 5 years of age. Gender, age, birth weight, life style, parents' educational level and family income were influencing factors of malnutrition. CONCLUSIONS: More attention should be paid to the issue of malnutrition of rural children under 7 years of age in Gansu Province. The prevalence of malnutrition may be reduced through increasing family income and nutrition education, and improving parents' education level and children's life style.［Chin J Contemp Pediatr, 2010, 12 (12):950-953］