目的：分析武汉地区住院患儿EB病毒（EBV）感染的情况及临床特点，为明确诊断、合理治疗提供帮助。方法：采用ELISA法检测住院患儿EBV衣壳抗原(VCA)抗体IgM、IgG，并按年龄将患儿分为＜6个月、6个月～、1岁～、3岁～、7～15岁5个组，对结果进行统计分析。结果：14 840例住院患儿EBV抗体阳性7 899例，感染率为53.23%；VCA IgM阳性率为4.05%(601/14 840)；VCA IgG阳性率为49.18%(7 298/14 840)。VCA IgM阳性率以＜6月组最低(0.11%)；VCA IgG阳性率以7～15岁组最高(79.83%)。601例VCA IgM阳性的患儿中，以呼吸道感染最多（429例，71.4%）。结论：武汉地区住院患儿EBV感染率较高，EBV感染的相关疾病以呼吸道感染为主；不同年龄组患儿间EBV感染率不同。

OBJECTIVE: To study the condition and clinical characteristics of Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection in hospitalized children from Wuhan region. METHODS: A total of 14 840 hospitalized children were classified into five age groups: less than 6 months old, 6 months to 1 year old, 1 to 3 years old, 3 to 7 years old and 7 to 15 years old. The antibodies IgM and IgG to EBV capsid antigen (VCA) were detected using ELISA. RESULTS: In the 14 840 hospitalized children, 7 899 were positive for EBV antibodies, with an infection rate of 53.23%. The positive rate of VCA-IgM was 4.05% (601/14 840) and that of VCA-IgG was 49.18% (7 298/14 840). The lowest positive rate of VCA-IgM (0.11%) was found in the group of less than 6 months old and the highest positive rate of VCA-IgG (79.83%) was found in the group of 7 to 15 years old. Of the 601 children with positive VCA-IgM, 429 (71.4%) suffered from respiratory tract infection. CONCLUSIONS: EBV infection is very common in hospitalized children in Wuhan. Respiratory tract infection is a leading disease in children with positive EBV antibodies. The infection rate of EBV in different age groups is different.