目的：探讨毛细支气管炎患儿红细胞免疫和T细胞亚群的变化及意义。方法：对45例毛细支气管炎患儿和30例正常儿童的红细胞免疫功能和T细胞亚群进行检测。检测外周血红细胞免疫复合物花环率（RBC-ICR）、红细胞C3b受体花环率（RBC-C3bRR）；采用流式细胞术检测CD3+、CD4+、CD8+细胞亚群。结果：毛细支气管炎患儿RBC-C3bRR［（13.6±6.2）%］、CD8+细胞百分比［（21.6±4.4）%］ 较对照组的（18.0±7.4）% 和 (25.6±5.2)%减低（P<0.01）;CD3+［（59.9±6.7）%］和CD4+细胞百分比［（53.5±6.2）%］及RBC-ICR［（8.3±3.5）%］均高于对照组的（52.1±8.3）%、（46.8±4.9）% 和（6.1±2.5）%（P<0.01）。毛细支气管炎患儿RBC-ICR和CD4+细胞百分比存在正相关（r=0.63,P<0.05），RBC-C3bRR和CD4+细胞百分比存在负相关（r=-0.82,P<0.01）。结论：毛细支气管炎患儿存在T淋巴细胞、红细胞免疫功能障碍，可能在毛细支气管炎的发病机制中起到一定作用。

OBJECTIVE: To study the changes of red cell immune function and T-lymphocyte subsets in children with bronchiolitis and their possible roles in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis. METHODS: Forty-five children with bronchiolitis and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. Red cell immune complex rosette (RBC-ICR) and red cell C3b receptor rosette (RBC-C3bRR) were detected. The percentages of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells were assayed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: RBC-C3bRR［(13.6±6.2)% vs (18.0±7.4)%］and the percentage of CD8+ cells［(21.6±4.4)% vs (25.6±5.2) %］ in the bronchiolitis group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). The percentage of CD3+ cells ［(59.9±6.7)% vs (52.1±8.3)%］ and CD4+ cells［(53.5±6.2)% vs (46.8±4.9)%］and RBC-ICR［(8.3±3.5)% vs (6.1±2.5)%］in the bronchiolitis group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). The percentage of CD4+ cells was positively correlated with RBC-ICR (r=0.63,P<0.05) and negatively correlated with RBC-C3bRR (r=-0.82,P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: There are dysfunctions of red cell immune and T-lymphocyte subsets in children with brochiolitis, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of brochiolitis.