目的：比较由肠道病毒71型（EV71）和柯萨奇病毒A组16型（CA16）感染的手足口病（HFMD）患儿流行病学情况及临床特征的差异。方法：采集108名临床诊断HFMD患儿疱疹液和咽拭子标本，使用RT-PCR进行肠道病毒检测，对EV71和CA16感染患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析并比较。结果：108名患儿的肠道病毒总阳性率为97.2%（105/108），其中EV71、CA16、其他肠道病毒及EV71和CA16混合感染分别占51.9%（56/108），36.1%（39/108），1.9%（2/108），7.4%（8/108）。EV71感染患儿和CA16感染患儿两组间年龄、性别差异无统计学意义。单因素分析显示，CA16感染患儿口腔疱疹、膝部皮疹、流涕的发生比率高于EV71感染患儿。进一步多因素分析显示，出现膝部皮疹的患儿CA16感染可能性大。结论：发现口腔无疱疹、膝部无皮疹、无流涕等症状的HFMD患儿时，应考虑EV71感染的可能。

OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences of epidemiological and clinical characteristics in children with hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) caused by Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) and Enterovirus 71 (EV71). METHODS: The samples of vesicle fluid and throat swabs of 108 children with HFMD were collected and detected for enterovirus by RT-PCR. The clinical data of children with EV71 and CA16 infection were retrospectively reviewed and compared. RESULTS: The total positive rate of enterovirus was 97.2% (105/108). Of the 105 cases, 56 cases were positive for EV71 (51.9%), 39 cases were positive for CA16 (36.1%), 2 cases were positive for other enterovirus (1.9%), and 8 cases were co-infected by EV71 and CA16 (7.4%). There were no significant differences in age and sex between EV71 and CV16 infected cases. The univariate analysis showed that the incidences of herpes of mouth, erythra of knees, and nose running in children infected by CA16 were higher than in those infected by EV71. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the HFMD children who had erythra of knees had higher probability of CA16 infection. CONCLUSIONS: EV71 should be considered as the pathogen in children with HFMD who have no herpes of mouth, erythra of knees, and nose running.