目的：通过对我国全国范围内在城市医院分娩的新生儿的调查，了解中国城市出生新生儿状况。方法：回顾性分析2005年中国22个省市的72家城市医院产科分娩新生儿的围产及新生儿资料，由专人负责并建立数据库。结果：2005年1~12月期间出生的新生儿45722名，新生儿男女性别比为1.13∶1。早产儿发生率为8.1%， 极低出生体重儿发生率为0.7%。 足月儿中自然受孕占99.7%，辅助生殖占0.3%；早产儿中自然受孕占98.4%，辅助生殖占1.6%。分娩方式：自然分娩占50.8%，剖宫产占49.2% (其中因社会因素剖宫产占38.1%）。新生儿1分钟Apgar评分≤7分者为4.8%，5分钟≤7分者为1.6%。转入新生儿科治疗的新生儿占7.14%。新生儿死亡率为0.74%。结论：2005年我国城市早产儿出生率较2002~2003年增高；我国城市孕妇剖宫产率远高于美国及大多数亚洲国家。

OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemiology of births in urban China.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on neonates born in 2005 in the maternity departments of 72 urban hospitals from 22 provinces in China. RESULTS: A total of 45722 infants born between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2005 were enrolled. The male to female sex ratio was 1.13:1. Preterm births accounted for 8.1%. The incidence of very low birth weight infants was 0.7%. A total of 99.7% of mothers delivering at term had conceived naturally and 0.3% had experienced assisted reproduction. A total of 98.4% of mothers who delivered preterm had conceived naturally and 1.6% had experienced assisted reproduction. The proportion of vaginal deliveries was 50.8% compared to 49.2% delivered by cesarean sections. Many cesarean sections (38.1%) were due to social factors. Infants with an Apgar score≤7 at 1 minute accounted for 4.8%, and 1.6% of infants had an Apgar score≤7 at 5 minutes. Of all the infants included in the study, 7.14% were admitted to neonatal units for treatment. The death rate of all included infants was 0.74%. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of preterm births was higher in 2005 than in 2002-2003. The proportion of cesarean section deliveries was much higher in urban China than in most other Asian countries and America.