目的：危重症患儿多伴明显的胰岛素抵抗和心肌损害。本研究探讨危重症患儿胰岛素抵抗与心肌损害的关系。方法：选取2010年3月至2011年6月住院治疗的危重症患儿63例为病例组，测定空腹血糖、血清胰岛素及心肌酶、肌钙蛋白I（CTnI）水平，同时计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）。HOMA-IR>1.0 者归入胰岛素抵抗组（30例），HOMA-IR≤1.0者归入非胰岛素抵抗组（33例）。同时选取健康儿童30例作为对照组。结果：胰岛素抵抗组患儿的HOMA-IR、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶（α-HBDH）、CTnI水平均明显高于非胰岛素抵抗组及对照组，差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；非胰岛素抵抗组患儿的LDH、AST、CK、CK-MB、α-HBDH、CTnI水平明显高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。胰岛素抵抗组患儿的HOMA-IR与LDH、CK、CK-MB、AST、α-HBDH、CTnI水平呈正相关（分别r=0.697，0.739，0.781，0.642，0.381，0.792，均P<0.05）。结论：胰岛素抵抗可以加重心肌损害，HOMA-IR可以作为心肌损害程度的预测指标。

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between insulin resistance and myocardial injury in children with critical diseases in light of the fact that such children usually suffer from noticeable insulin resistance and myocardial injury. METHODS: Sixty-three children with critical diseases who were admitted between March 2010 and June 2011 were enrolled to comprise a case group. Fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, myocardial enzyme, and troponin I (CTnI) levels were measured. The insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated. The children were classified into two groups: insulin resistance (HOMA-IR>1.0; n=30) and non-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR≤1.0; n=33). Thirty healthy children served as the control group. RESULTS: HOMA-IR, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferaseaspartate transaminase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), isoenzymes of creating kinase (CK-MB), α-hydroxybuty rate dehydrogenase (α-HBDH) and CTnI in the insulin resistance group were higher than those in the non-insulin resistance and the control groups (all P<0.05). The non-insulin resistance group also showed obviously higher levels in terms of LDH, AST, CK, CK-MB, α-HBDH, and CTnI than the control group (P<0.05). In the insulin resistance group, there exists a positive correlation between HOMA-IR and such indicators as LDH, CK, CK-MB, AST, α-HBDH and CTnI (r=0.697, 0.739, 0.781, 0.642, 0.381, 0.792 respectively; all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Insulin resistance makes myocardial injury more serious; HOMA-IR can serve as a forecast indicator for the degree of myocardial injury.