目的：探讨和分析纤维支气管镜检查在诊断小儿慢性咳嗽中的应用价值。方法：2006年1月至2007年3月,对原因不明或常规治疗效果不佳的反复或持续性咳嗽时间超过1个月的慢性咳嗽患儿118例,男73例,女45例,年龄3个月至13岁,应用纤维支气管镜,在局部麻醉下进行病因检查和局部治疗。结果：118例患儿中有115例获病因诊断，最多见的原因依次为反复感染（39例）、支气管异物（19例，其中18例成功取出）、上呼吸道咳嗽综合征（17例）、支气管哮喘或咳嗽变异性哮喘(17例)，其他较少见的有喉-气管-支气管软化、先天畸形、纤毛不动综合征等。结论：儿科开展纤维支气管镜术对儿童慢性咳嗽的病因诊断具有重要价值,是一种安全有效的检查方法。

OBJECTIVE: To study the value of bronchofibroscopy in the etiologic identification of chronic cough in children.METHODS: Under local anesthesia of lidocaine, bronchofibroscopy was performed in 118 children with chronic cough of unknown origin (73 males and 45 females). Their ages ranged from 3 months to 13 years. RESULTS: The cause of chronic cough was identified in 115 cases. The most common cause was respiratory infection (n=39)，followed by bronchial foreign bodies （n=19）, upper airway cough syndrome (n=17), bronchial asthma or cough variant asthma (n=17）, bronchomalacia (n=7), bronchial congenital malformation (n=5), primary ciliary dyskinesia (n=3), gastro-esophageal reflux (n=3), bronchial tumor (n=2), bronchial tuberculosis (n=1), pulmonary fibrosis (n=1) and idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (n=1). CONCLUSIONS: Bronchofibroscopy is useful in the etiologic identification of chronic cough in children.