目的：评价AML-XH-99-M3方案治疗儿童急性早幼粒细胞白血病（M3）疗效。方法：33例M3患儿接受AML-XH-99-M3方案治疗，应用Kaplan-Meier方法进行生存分析，评估患儿的无事生存期（EFS）、无疾病生存期（DFS）及总生存期（OS），所有数据采用SPSS13.0软件统计。结果：33例患儿30例（90.9%）一个疗程达完全缓解（CR），余3例二个疗程CR，总CR率为100%，复发6例（18.2%），平均复发时间为29（16~38）个月，死亡2例（6.1%），7年EFS和DFS均为（73.4±9.4）%，总OS为（91.2±6.0）%，维持治疗中间歇加用全反式维甲酸（ATRA）和无ATRA两组EFS差异有统计学意义，分别为（88.9±10.5）%和（62.5±13.6）%(P<0.05)。结论：AML-XH-99-M3方案治疗儿童M3获得了很好的CR率，具有较高的EFS、DFS和OS，维持治疗中加用ATRA可明显降低复发率、提高EFS。

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of AML-XH-99-M3 protocol for treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in children.METHODS: Thirty-three children with APL received AML-XH-99-M3 protocol treatment. The event-free survival (EFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier medthod with SPSS13.0 software.RESULTS: Thirty patients (90.9%) achieved a complete remission (CR) after one course of treatment. The total CR rate was 100%. Six patients (18.2%) relapsed in an average of 29.17 months (16-38 months). Two patients (6.1%) died. The 7-year EFS and DFS in the 30 patients were 73.4±9.4%. The overall survival rate was 91.2±6.0%. The difference of EFS was observed in patients receiving intermittent all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) administration or not in the maintenance therapy (88.9±10.5% vs 62.5±13.6%) (P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The AML-XH-99-M3 protocol for the treatment of APL produced a higher CR rate and higher EFS, DFS and OS rates in children. Intermittent administration of ATRA in the maintenance therapy can improve EFS rate.