目的：　探讨胎粪性腹膜炎的病因、临床特点及诊断治疗。方法：　采用回顾性研究,通过对23例患者的临床分析,结合X线检查,来阐明其特点,并对其治疗进行分析。结果：　胎粪性腹膜炎的病因以肠闭锁多见,占30.4% (7/23);其临床特征主要为:腹腔内钙化,大量纤维组织粘连,伴或不伴有假性囊肿形成;手术治疗是有效的治疗方法。结论：　肠闭锁是胎粪性腹膜炎的重要原因;早期诊断,正确的手术方式,认真的术后护理是提高胎粪性腹膜炎存活率的关键

OBJECTIVE: To study the causes, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of meconium peritonitis (MP) in infants. METHODS: The clinical data of 23 cases of MP was analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: ①The most common cause of MP was intestinal atresia ( 30.4% ). ②The main clinical characteristics of MP were intraperitoneal calcification, and fibrosis with or without pseudocystformation. ③Surgery was the effective treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Intestinal atresia is the most common cause of MP in infants. Early diagnoisis, proper operative procedures and meticulous postoperative care are the important factors to increase the survival rate of patients with MP.