摘要 目的：探讨先天性心脏病（先心病）和支气管发育异常（支气管开口异常和支气管狭窄）发生的相关性。方法：收集先心病或支气管发育异常的患儿共185例，采用64层螺旋CT常规扫描以及常规扫描加薄层三维重建两种方式进行诊断。结果：先心病伴有支气管发育异常病例45例(25.3%，45/178)。先心病中有室缺者支气管发育异常的发生比例明显高于无室缺者（33.7% vs 15.0%，P<0.05）。先心病中有大血管畸形者与无大血管畸形者支气管发育异常的发生比例差异无统计学意义。结论：先心病对支气管发育异常的出现有预示性，尤其是伴有室缺的先心病患儿须常规行肺部气管支气管三维CT重建，了解有无气道发育的异常。
Abstract：OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship of the incidence of bronchial dysplasia (bronchial anomalous origin and bronchial stenosis) with congenital heart disease. METHODS: A total of 185 children with congenital heart disease or bronchial dysplasia were enrolled. Bronchial dysplasia was identified by the 64-MSCT conventional scanning or thin slice scanning with three-dimensional reconstruction. RESULTS: Forty-five children (25.3%) had coexisting bronchial dysplasia and congenital heart disease. The incidence rate of bronchial dysplasia in children with congenital heart disease associated with ventricular septal defect was higher than in those without ventricular septal defect (33.7% vs 15.0%; P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence rate of bronchial dysplasia between the children with congenital heart disease who had a large vascular malformation and who did not. CONCLUSIONS: Bronchial dysplasia often occurs in children with congenital heart disease. It is necessary to perform a tracheobronchial CT scanning with three-dimensional reconstruction to identify tracheobronchial dysplasia in children with congenital heart disease, especially associated with ventricular septal defect.
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