摘要 目的：研究湖北仙桃农村留守儿童营养状况、心理健康和身体健康状况。方法：对湖北仙桃农村6所小学4～6年级学生1000人进行问卷调查，包括一般情况问卷、家庭经济状况问卷、儿童抑郁问卷；并对其进行体格检查。与父母生活在一起，父母无外出打工经历的儿童作为对照组。结果：收回有效问卷875份，其中留守儿童590名，对照儿童285名。留守儿童平均体重35.5±7.1 kg,显著低于对照儿童的36.3±8.8 kg (P＜0.05)；留守儿童体重/年龄z评分（-0.9811±0.54）也显著低于对照儿童（-0.7012±0.34）（P＜0.05）。但留守儿童身高、皮脂厚度、体重指数（BMI）以及基本营养状态与对照儿童相比差异无统计学意义。留守儿童抑郁平均得分显著高于对照儿童（11.4± 7.2 vs 8.0± 5.8，P＜0.01)，抑郁发生率亦显著高于对照儿童(15.3% vs 6.0%，P＜0.01)。留守儿童扁桃体肿大发生率明显高于对照儿童(32.0% vs 23.2%, P＜0.01)；呼吸道感染发生率（14.6%）显著高于对照儿童(14.6% vs 9.5%, P＜0.05)；消化道感染发生率亦显著高于对照儿童(7.6% vs 3.9%, P＜0.05)。结论：留守儿童营养状况基本正常，但心理健康状况欠佳，且容易患呼吸道感染等常见病。
Abstract：OBJECTIVE: To study the health status of the primary school children who remain in their home villages (the "left-behind" children) in a rural area of Hubei Province, Central China, whilst their parents are migrant workers in the cities of China. METHODS: A total of 1000 pupils in the 4th to 6th grade from six rural primary schools in Xiantao City, Hubei Province were enrolled. All subjects were surveyed with questionnaires and received physical examinations. Pupils whose parents had no history of migrant work and who lived with both parents were defined as the control groups. RESULTS: Among the 875 valid questionnaires, there were 590 "left-behind" children and 285 controls. The mean body weight was significantly lower among the "left-behind" children (35.5±7.1 kg) than the controls (36.3±8.8 kg) (P＜0.05). The weight/age z score of "left-behind" children (-0.9811±0.54) was also significantly lower than that of the controls (-0.7012±0.34) (P＜0.05). However, the other physical indicators including body height, height/age z score, thickness of sebum, and body mass index and the common nutrition status showed no significant differences between the two groups. The "left-behind" children scored significantly higher in the Children′s Depression Inventory than the controls (11.4± 7.2 vs 8.0± 5.8, P＜0.01), and the incidence of depression was also significantly higher in "left-behind" children than in controls (15.3% vs 6.0%, P＜0.01). Compared with the controls, the "left-behind" children had significantly higher incidences of antiadoncus (32.0% vs 23.2%; P＜0.01), respiratory tract infections (14.6% vs 9.5%; P＜0.05), and gastrointestinal infections (7.6% vs 3.9%; P＜0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although the "left-behind" children have normal nutrition status, they tend to have poor mental health and are more susceptible to infections.
WANG Yan-Jun,HE Bing-Yan,FANG Li-Hui et al. Preliminary study on the health status among the "left-behind" children in the Xiantao rural area of Hubei Province[J]. CJCP, 2011, 13(12): 977-980.
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