目的 调查湖南省农村学龄儿童2012~2015学年的营养健康状况，评价“义务教育学生营养改善计划” （简称“营养改善计划”）的实施效果。方法 对湖南省实施“营养改善计划”的6~14岁学龄儿童的营养状况进行评估，并分析该计划实施后其营养状况的变化趋势。资料来源于“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划营养健康状况监测评估系统”内湖南省农村义务教育学生2012~2015年4个学年的监测数据。结果 2015年湖南省农村义务教育阶段学龄儿童除6岁组女性身高高于全国农村平均水平外，其余各年龄组学龄儿童身高、体重平均水平均低于全国平均水平，差异具有统计学意义 （P < 0.05）。“营养改善计划”实施后，生长迟缓率呈下降趋势 （P < 0.05），但消瘦率上升 （P < 0.05）；同时超重/肥胖率呈上升的趋势 （P < 0.05）；贫血率呈下降趋势 （P < 0.05）。结论 “营养改善计划”的实施在湖南省农村学龄儿童中取得了一定的成效，但未能使学龄儿童的营养状况得到明显改善，超重/肥胖和营养不良现象尚同时存在，建议应进一步完善学龄儿童营养改善措施，改善儿童营养状况。

Objective To investigate the nutritional status of school-age children in rural area in Hunan, China from 2012 to 2015 and to evaluate the effectiveness of the "Nutrition Improvement Program for Compulsory Education Students in Rural Area" (hereinafter referred to as "Nutrition Improvement Program"). Methods The nutritional status of school-age children aged 6-14 years was evaluated after the implementation of the "Nutrition Improvement Program" and the changing trend of the children's nutritional status was analyzed. The statistical analysis was performed on the monitoring data of the school-age children aged 6-14 years in rural area in Hunan, China from 2012 to 2015, which came from "The Nutrition and Health Status Monitoring and Evaluation System of Nutrition Improvement Program for Compulsory Education Students in Rural Area". Results In 2015, female students aged 6-7 years in rural area in Hunan, China had a significantly greater body length than the rural average in China (P < 0.05). However, the other age groups had significantly smaller body length and weight than the rural averages in China (P < 0.05). After the implementation of "Nutrition Improvement Program", the prevalence rate of growth retardation decreased (P < 0.05), but the prevalence rate of emaciation increased (P < 0.05). At the same time, the prevalence rate of overweight/obesity increased (P < 0.05) and the prevalence rate of anemia decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusions The implementation of "Nutrition Improvement Program" has achieved some success, but the nutritional status of school-age children has not improved significantly. Overweight/obesity and malnutrition are still present. Therefore, to promote the nutritional status of school-age children it is recommended to improve the measures for the "Nutrition Improvement Program".