Abstract：Objective To investigate the clinical effects of sequential therapy, triple therapy, sequential therapy combined with Lactobacillus, and triple therapy combined with Lactobacillus in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection in children. Methods A total of 416 children with H.pylori infection were randomly assigned to sequential group (102 children), triple group (100 children), sequential-Lactobacillus group (109 children), and triple-Lactobacillus group (105 children). The clinical outcome, H.pylori eradication rate, cost-effect ratio, and incidence of adverse events were compared between the four groups. Results The sequential-Lactobacillus and triple-Lactobacillus groups had significantly better clinical outcomes than the sequential group and the triple group (P < 0.05). The sequential-Lactobacillus group had the highest marked response rate, followed by the triple-Lactobacillus group. The triple group had the lowest marked response rate. The sequential-Lactobacillus group also had the highest H.pylori eradication rate, followed by the triple-Lactobacillus group. The triple group had the lowest H.pylori eradication rate (P < 0.05). The sequential group had the lowest cost-effect ratio, followed by the sequential-Lactobacillus group. The triple group had the highest cost-effect ratio (P < 0.01). The sequential-Lactobacillus group had the lowest incidence rate of adverse events, followed by the triple-Lactobacillus group. The triple group had the highest incidence rate. Conclusions Sequential therapy combined with Lactobacillus seems to be the best regimen for the eradication of H.pylori infection in children.
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