目的 评估卡维地洛应用于肠道病毒71型（EV71）感染重症手足口病（HFMD）患儿的临床疗效。方法 对2016年4月至2017年8月我院感染科收治的86例EV71感染重症HFMD患儿临床资料进行回顾性分析，按照是否使用卡维地洛治疗分为常规治疗组（常规组，n=51）和卡维地洛治疗组（卡维地洛组，n=35），以同期我院儿科门诊行健康体检儿童为健康对照组（n=56）。总结并比较常规组和卡维地洛组患儿的临床特征和儿茶酚胺类（去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素、多巴胺）水平，并与健康对照组儿茶酚胺类水平进行比较分析。结果 治疗前，常规组与卡维地洛组去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素水平均较健康对照组升高（P < 0.05）。常规组与卡维地洛组治疗后去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素、血糖水平及收缩压、舒张压、心率、体温、白细胞计数均较治疗前降低（P < 0.05）。卡维地洛组患儿治疗后多巴胺、血糖水平及心率、呼吸频率均较常规组治疗后降低（P < 0.05）。结论 去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素水平变化可能与EV71感染重症HFMD的发病相关，常规治疗EV71感染重症HFMD基础上加用卡维地洛可改善患儿呼吸、心率及血糖水平。

Objective To study the clinical effect of carvedilol in the treatment of children with severe hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 86 children with severe HFMD caused by EV71 infection who were admitted to the hospital from April 2016 to August 2017. According to whether carvedilol was used, the children were divided into conventional treatment group with 51 children and carvedilol treatment group with 35 children. A total of 56 healthy children who underwent physical examination at the outpatient service during the same period were enrolled as the control group. The two treatment groups were compared in terms of clinical features and levels of catecholamines (norepinephrine, adrenaline and dopamine), and the levels of catecholamines were compared between these two treatment groups and the control group. Results Before treatment, the conventional treatment group and the carvedilol treatment group had significantly higher levels of norepinephrine and adrenaline than the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, both the conventional treatment group and the carvedilol treatment group had significant reductions in norepinephrine, adrenaline, blood glucose, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, heart rate, body temperature and leukocyte count (P < 0.05). Compared with the conventional treatment group, the carvedilol treatment group had significantly lower dopamine level, blood glucose, heart rate and respiratory rate after treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions Changes in norepinephrine and adrenaline might be involved in the pathogenesis of severe HFMD caused by EV71 infection. Carvedilol, in addition to the conventional treatment, can improve respiration, heart rate and blood glucose in children with severe HFMD caused by EV71 infection.