目的 对国家自然科学基金委员会立项资助的儿科研究课题进行回顾整理与数据分析，以了解学科重点支持领域和研究方向、热点的变化。方法 以中国国家自然科学基金数据库为基础,对2009~2018年儿科领域研究课题进行筛选,并对资助力度和研究方向变化进行分析。结果 2009~2018年国家自然科学基金委员会共资助1 017项儿科领域课题，其中面上项目485项（47.69%），青年基金426项（41.89%），地区项目73项（7.18%），重点项目16项（1.57%），优青项目6项（0.59%），海外项目7项（0.69%），其他项目4项（0.39%）。资助经费总额从2009年的842万元增加至2018年的6 625万元，增幅近7倍之多。以生殖系统/围产期医学/新生儿、神经系统和精神疾病、循环系统为一级学科代码申请立项的课题获资助力度最大。结论 近10年来国家自然科学基金委员会对儿科研究的资助力度持续增加，以面上项目和青年基金为主；研究获资助项目申请方向以新生儿、神经系统和精神、循环系统疾病为主。

Objective To perform a review and data analysis of the pediatric projects funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China from 2009 to 2018, and to investigate the changes in key support areas, research interest, and research hotspots in pediatrics. Methods The database of National Natural Science Foundation of China was searched to screen out pediatric research projects in 2009-2018, and the changes in funding intensity and research direction were analyzed. Results From 2009 to 2018, a total of 1 017 pediatric projects were funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China, with 485 (47.69%) General Projects, 426 (41.89%) Youth Fund Projects, 73 (7.18%) Regional Research Programs, 16 (1.57%) Key Programs, 6 (0.59%) Outstanding Youth Fund Projects, 7 (0.69%) Overseas Programs, and 4 (0.39%) other programs. There was a seven-fold increase in the total amount of subsidies, which increased from 8.42 million yuan in 2009 to 66.25 million yuan in 2018. The projects with the Primary Discipline Code of reproductive system/perinatology/neonatology, nervous system and mental illness, or circulatory system received the highest amount of fund. Conclusions The support of pediatric projects by National Natural Science Foundation of China continues to increase in the past ten years, and the main types of projects are General Projects and Youth Fund Projects. Neonatology, nervous system/mental illness, and circulatory diseases are the main directions of funded projects.