目的 探讨血浆及支气管肺泡灌洗液中可溶性髓样细胞触发受体-1（sTREM-1）水平及急性生理学及慢性健康状况评分（APACHEⅡ）、序贯器官衰竭估计评分（SOFA）在小儿重症肺炎病情严重程度及预后判断中的意义。方法 选取2017年8月至2019年10月收治的76例重症肺炎患儿为重症肺炎组，根据疾病转归情况分为无效组（n=34）和有效组（n=42）；同时期在本院儿内科病房收治的普通肺炎患儿94例为普通肺炎组；以及同期门诊体检健康儿童100例为健康对照组。检测所有入组儿童血浆sTREM-1水平、APACHEⅡ评分及SOFA评分，并检测重症肺炎组患儿支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）sTREM-1水平，分析上述指标与儿童重症肺炎病情严重程度及预后的相关性。结果 重症肺炎组血浆sTREM-1水平、APACHEⅡ评分及SOFA评分均明显高于普通肺炎组及健康对照组（P < 0.05）。重症肺炎组患儿入院第7天时，无效组血浆sTREM-1、BALF sTREM-1水平及SOFA评分均上升，有效组上述各指标明显下降，且上述指标在两组间比较差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。血浆sTREM-1、BALF sTREM-1、SOFA评分两两间均呈正相关（P < 0.05），APACHEⅡ评分与血浆sTREM-1、BALF sTREM-1、SOFA评分均无相关性（P > 0.05）。结论 血浆、BALF sTREM-1水平及SOFA评分可作为评价儿童重症肺炎病情严重程度，提示病情预后的有效指标。

Objective To study the significance of the level of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in evaluating the conditions and prognosis of children with severe pneumonia. Methods A total of 76 children with severe pneumonia who were admitted from August 2017 to October 2019 were enrolled as the severe pneumonia group. According to the treatment outcome, they were divided into a non-response group with 34 children and a response group with 42 children. Ninety-four children with common pneumonia who were admitted during the same period of time were enrolled as the common pneumonia group. One hundred healthy children who underwent physical examination in the outpatient service during the same period of time were enrolled as the control group. The serum level of sTREM-1, APACHE II score, and SOFA score were measured for each group, and the level of sTREM-1 in BALF was measured for children with severe pneumonia. The correlation of the above indices with the severity and prognosis of severe pneumonia in children was analyzed. Results The severe pneumonia group had significantly higher serum sTREM-1 level, APACHEII score, and SOFA score than the common pneumonia group and the control group (P < 0.05). For the children with severe pneumonia, the non-response group had significant increases in the levels of sTREM-1 in serum and BALF and SOFA score on day 7 after admission, while the response group had significant reductions in these indices, and there were significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). Positive correlation was found between any two of serum sTREM-1, BALF sTREM-1, and SOFA score (P < 0.05). APACHE II score was not correlated with serum sTREM-1, BALF sTREM-1, and SOFA score (P > 0.05). Conclusions The level of sTREM-1 in serum and BALF and SOFA score can be used to evaluate the severity and prognosis of severe pneumonia in children.