目的 调查新疆和田地区维吾尔族儿童糖尿病（diabetes mellitus，DM）患病率，以及DM患病的影响因素。 方法 采用整群随机抽样的方法抽取新疆和田地区5 308名在校中小学、幼儿园4~18岁儿童作为研究对象。调查方式包括问卷调查及身高、体重测量。对所有研究对象进行空腹指尖微量血糖检测，以调查DM和空腹血糖受损（impaired fasting glucose，IFG）的患病率。 结果 回收有效问卷5 184份，检出DM 14例（0.27%），包括8例1型DM，2例2型DM，4例未分型DM；检出IFG 29例（0.56%）。男生和女生DM及IFG患病率的比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。4~<10岁、10~<15岁和15~18岁组DM的患病率分别为0.18%、0.47%、0.07%，各年龄组比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.072）；以上3个年龄组IFG的患病率分别为0.18%、0.94%、0.42%，各年龄组间比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.007）。DM儿童DM家族史比例和超重/肥胖比例显著高于非DM儿童（P<0.05），而DM儿童喜食粗粮比例显著低于非DM儿童（P<0.05）。 结论 新疆和田地区维吾尔族儿童DM和IFG的患病率较低；不同性别和年龄段儿童DM患病率无明显不同，但不同年龄段儿童IFG患病率不同。DM家族史、超重/肥胖、粗粮摄取不足可能与DM的发生有关。
Abstract
Objective To investigate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among Uygur children in Hotan Prefecture of Xinjiang, China, as well as the factors influencing the development of DM. Methods The cluster random sampling method was used to select 5 308 children, aged 4-18 years, from the middle and primary schools and kindergartens in Hotan Prefecture of Xinjiang. The survey methods included questionnaire survey and the measurement of height and weight. All subjects were tested for fasting fingertip blood glucose to investigate the prevalence of DM and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Results A total of 5 184 valid questionnaires were collected. Fourteen children (0.27%) were found to have DM, among whom 8 had type 1 DM, 2 had type 2 DM, and 4 had unclassified DM. Twenty-nine children (0.56%) were found to have IFG. There was no significant difference in the prevalence rate of DM and IFG between boys and girls (P>0.05). The prevalence rate of DM was 0.18% in the 4-<10 years group, 0.47% in the 10-<15 years group, and 0.07% in the 15-18 years group (P=0.072).The prevalence rate of IFG in the above three age groups was 0.18%, 0.94%, and 0.42%, respectively, with a significant difference among groups (P=0.007). The proportion of family history of DM and the proportion of overweight/obesity in children with DM were significantly higher than those in children without DM (P<0.05), while the proportion of children with DM who preferred coarse grains was significantly lower than that in children without DM (P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of DM and IFG in Uyghur children in Hotan Prefecture of Xinjiang is relatively low. There is no significant difference in the prevalence of DM among children of different genders or age groups, but the prevalence of IFG in children of different age groups is different. A family history of DM, overweight or obesity, and low intake of coarse grains might be associated with the development of DM.
关键词
糖尿病 /
患病率 /
空腹血糖受损 /
儿童
Key words
Diabetes mellitus /
Prevalence /
Impaired fasting glucose /
Child
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基金
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金（2019D01C301），儿童青少年糖尿病患病与营养及影响因素研究（2016YFC1305304），新疆维吾尔自治区“天山创新团队计划”（2020D14027）。
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