上海380例家庭聚集性感染Omicron变异株的儿童及其家属临床特征分析

doi:10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2205179

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摘要目的分析亲子病房收治模式下，家庭聚集性感染Omicron变异株的儿童及其家属的临床特点及转归。方法回顾性收集上海市第六人民医院新型冠状病毒肺炎（coronavirus disease 2019，COVID-19）定点医院于2022年4月8日至5月10日收治确诊的感染Omicron变异株患儿190例及其家属190例的临床资料，进行分析总结。结果儿童组和成人组均以轻型为主，儿童组轻型比例高于成人组（P<0.05）；2组临床表现均以上呼吸道症状为主，儿童组发热、腹痛腹泻、喘息发生率高于成人组（P<0.05），鼻塞流涕咳嗽、咽干咽痒咽痛发生率低于成人组（P<0.05）；成人组治疗连花清瘟颗粒/小儿豉翘清热颗粒、中药汤剂、重组人干扰素α2b喷雾剂、止咳化痰药、奈玛特韦/利托那韦片使用率均高于儿童组（P<0.05）；儿童组疫苗接种率（30.5%）较成人组（71.1%）低（P<0.001），而儿童组严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2，SARS-CoV-2）核酸阳性持续时间短于成人组（P<0.05）。2组临床轻型者SARS-CoV-2核酸阳性持续时间短于普通型者（P<0.05）。2组有基础疾病者SARS-CoV-2核酸阳性持续时间长于无基础疾病者（P<0.05）。结论家庭聚集性Omicron变异株感染儿童和成人的临床分型均以轻型为主。尽管儿童疫苗接种率较低，但在亲子病房收治模式中，疾病恢复较快，SARS-CoV-2核酸阳性持续时间短于成人。

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	卞相丽
	国志
	张坤
	李妙晨
	吴志敏
	蒋芹
	郭苗苗
	樊赛男
	陈娟娟
	惠雷
	郑芳
	张金萍

关键词 ：新型冠状病毒肺炎, Omicron变异株, 家庭聚集性感染, 临床特点, 儿童

Abstract：Objective To study the clinical features and prognosis of children and their family members with family clusters of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant infection under the admission mode of parent-child ward. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 190 children and 190 family members with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection who were admitted to Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, the designated hospital for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), April 8 to May 10, 2022. Results Both the child and adult groups were mainly mild COVID-19, and the proportion of mild cases in the child group was higher than that in the adult group (P<0.05). Respiratory symptoms were the main clinical manifestations in both groups. Compared with the adult group, the child group had higher incidence rates of fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and wheezing (P<0.05) and lower incidence rates of nasal obstruction, runny nose, cough, dry throat, throat itching, and throat pain (P<0.05). Compared with the child group, the adult group had higher rates of use of Chinese patent drugs, traditional Chinese medicine decoction, recombinant interferon spray, cough-relieving and phlegm-eliminating drugs, and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir tablets (P<0.05). Compared with the adult group, the child group had a lower vaccination rate of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (30.5% vs 71.1%, P<0.001) and a shorter duration of positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid (P<0.05). The patients with mild COVID-19 had a shorter duration of positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid than those with common COVID-19 in both groups (P<0.05). The patients with underlying diseases had a longer duration of positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid than those without such diseases in both groups (P<0.05). Conclusions Both children and adults with family clusters of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection manifest mainly mild COVID-19. Despite lower vaccination rate of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in children, they have rapid disease recovery, with a shorter duration of positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid than adults, under the admission mode of parent-child ward.

Key words： Coronavirus disease 2019 Omicron variant Family cluster infection Clinical feature Child

收稿日期: 2022-05-31

基金资助:2022年度抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情应急专题项目（ynxg202213）。

通讯作者: 张金萍，女，主任医师。Email：zhang-jin-ping@163.com。 E-mail: zhang-jin-ping@163.com

作者简介: 卞相丽，女，硕士，主治医师；

引用本文:

卞相丽,国志,张坤等. 上海380例家庭聚集性感染Omicron变异株的儿童及其家属临床特征分析[J]. 中国当代儿科杂志, 2022, 24(10): 1085-1091.

BIAN Xiang-Li,GUO Zhi,ZHANG Kun et al. Clinical features of children and their family members with family clusters of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection in Shanghai, China: an analysis of 380 cases[J]. CJCP, 2022, 24(10): 1085-1091.

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