目的 探讨儿童哮喘管理与哮喘控制水平的影响因素。 方法 选取202例哮喘患儿，通过哮喘控制水平与家长管理调查问卷，收集儿童哮喘控制水平影响因素与家庭生活管理项目，分析家长对儿童哮喘的认识与管理意识，以及对儿童哮喘控制水平的影响，并分析两者的相关性。 结果 完全控制组哮喘病程、治疗时间均比未完全控制组长（P<0.05）；完全控制组1年内哮喘发作次数≥3次者、因哮喘发作需要雾化治疗>3次者的比例均低于未完全控制组（P<0.05）；完全控制组呼吸道感染频繁者、呼吸道感染时发生喘息者及有家族过敏性疾病史的比例均低于未完全控制组（P<0.05）；完全控制组的家长呼吸道感染短期升级哮喘用药意识与维持用药的管理明显增强（P<0.05）；未完全控制组初始肺功能异常者比例高于完全控制组（P<0.05）。哮喘控制水平与呼吸道感染时短期升级哮喘用药及初始肺功能相关（P<0.05）。 结论 儿童哮喘控制水平与哮喘严重程度、儿童哮喘综合管理密切相关，早期治疗和家庭管理特别是呼吸道感染早期短期升级治疗对哮喘控制有重要意义。 ［中国当代儿科杂志，2023，25（1）：73-79］

Objective To investigate the influencing factors for asthma management and asthma control level in children. Methods A total of 202 children with a confirmed diagnosis of asthma were enrolled. The questionnaire of asthma control level and family management was used to investigate the influencing factors for asthma control level and the indicators of family management. The awareness of childhood asthma and its management was analyzed among the parents, as well as the influence on asthma control level in children, and the association between them was analyzed. Results Compared with the non-complete control group, the complete control group had significantly longer course of asthma and treatment time (P<0.05). The proportions of asthma attacks ≥3 times and aerosol treatment for asthma attacks >3 times in one year in the complete control group were significantly lower than those in the non-complete control group (P<0.05). The complete control group had a significantly lower proportion of children with frequent respiratory infection, wheezing during respiratory infection, or a family history of allergic diseases (P<0.05). The parents in the complete control group had significantly stronger awareness of short-term escalation to asthma medication after respiratory infection and significantly enhanced management of maintenance medication (P<0.05). Compared with the complete control group, the non-complete control group had a significantly higher proportion of children with abnormal pulmonary function at the initial stage (P<0.05). The level of asthma control in children was associated with short-term escalation to asthma medication during respiratory infection and initial lung function (P<0.05). Conclusions The level of asthma control in children is closely associated with the severity of asthma and the comprehensive management of childhood asthma. Early treatment and family management, especially escalation to asthma medication during the early stage of respiratory infection, are of great importance in asthma control. Citation:Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2023, 25(1): 73-79