孤独症谱系障碍中性别差异的研究进展

姜桐桐; 李秀琼; 赵婷婷; 李宏玉; 唐强

doi:10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2411142

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中国当代儿科杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4) : 480-486. DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2411142

综述

孤独症谱系障碍中性别差异的研究进展

姜桐桐¹, 李秀琼¹, 赵婷婷¹, 李宏玉^1,2, 唐强^2,3

作者信息 +

Advances in research on gender differences in autism spectrum disorders

JIANG Tong-Tong, LI Xiu-Qiong, ZHAO Ting-Ting, LI Hong-Yu, TANG Qiang

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

孤独症谱系障碍（autism spectrum disorder, ASD）是一种以社交障碍、刻板行为和兴趣狭隘为主要特征的神经系统发育障碍性疾病。研究表明，男性发病率显著高于女性。尽管早在20世纪该问题已引起学界关注，但导致ASD性别差异的具体机制至今尚未明确。该文从女性保护效应、DNA甲基化、激素水平及临床表现等方面对ASD性别差异的影响进行综述，并探讨相应的治疗方案，特别是在最易被忽视的诊断环节上提出改进措施，以期为ASD的临床诊疗提供参考依据。

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social impairments, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests. Studies have shown that it is more prevalent in males than females. Although this issue has attracted academic attention since the 20th century, the specific mechanisms underlying the gender differences in ASD remain unclear. This paper reviews the impact of gender differences in ASD, focusing on the female protective effect, DNA methylation, hormone levels, and clinical manifestations. It also discusses corresponding treatment options, particularly suggesting improvements in the diagnostic process, which is often overlooked, in order to provide valuable references for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ASD.

导出引用

姜桐桐, 李秀琼, 赵婷婷, 李宏玉, 唐强. 孤独症谱系障碍中性别差异的研究进展[J]. 中国当代儿科杂志. 2025, 27(4): 480-486 https://doi.org/10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2411142

JIANG Tong-Tong, LI Xiu-Qiong, ZHAO Ting-Ting, LI Hong-Yu, TANG Qiang. Advances in research on gender differences in autism spectrum disorders[J]. Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics. 2025, 27(4): 480-486 https://doi.org/10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2411142

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