呼吸训练配合吞咽功能训练对支气管肺发育不良患儿纠正胎龄6月龄时影响的前瞻性研究

doi:10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2410122

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摘要目的观察新生儿早期呼吸训练配合吞咽功能训练对支气管肺发育不良（bronchopulmonary dysplasia, BPD）患儿纠正胎龄6月龄时体格及神经发育等方面的影响。方法前瞻性选取2018年1月—2021年1月于湖南省儿童医院新生儿科住院治疗的BPD且不能完全进口进食患儿69例为研究对象。根据随机数表将其分为常规组（35例）和训练组（34例），失访8例，最终训练组31例，常规组30例。2组患儿均接受常规临床的治疗及护理，训练组在常规组基础上增加呼吸及吞咽功能训练，治疗至患儿能独立经口喂养。比较两组患儿纠正胎龄6个月时的体重、身长、格塞尔发育诊断量表（Gesell Developmental Schedule, GDS）结果、再入院率和多次入院率（2次及以上）。结果纠正胎龄6月龄时，训练组的体重和身长大于常规组，GDS个人社交、语言、大运动、精细动作、适应性DQ均高于常规组（P<0.05）；训练组再次入院率、多次入院率低于常规组（P<0.05）。结论新生儿重症监护室环境下早期对BPD患儿进行呼吸训练配合吞咽功能训练，有利于提高BPD患儿体格发育和神经发育，减少再入院率。

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	段雅琴
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关键词 ：支气管肺发育不良, 呼吸训练, 吞咽功能训练, 预后, 疗效, 婴儿

Abstract：Objective To study the effects of early respiratory training combined with swallowing function training on physical development and neurodevelopment at a corrected gestational age of 6 months in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Methods A total of 69 BPD infants who could not be fed completely orally were prospectively selected from the Department of Neonatology of Hunan Children's Hospital between January 2018 and January 2021. Based on a random number table, the infants were divided into a conventional group (35 cases) and a training group (34 cases) (with 8 cases lost to follow-up; the final follow-up included 31 cases in the training group and 30 cases in the conventional group). Both groups received routine clinical treatment and care, while the training group additionally received respiratory and swallowing function training until the infants could independently feed orally. The weight, length, Gesell Developmental Schedule (GDS) results, readmission rate, and multiple readmission rate (two or more admissions) were compared between the two groups at a corrected age of 6 months. Results At corrected gestational age of 6 months, the training group had higher weight, length, and GDS scores in personal-social, language, gross motor, fine motor, and adaptive development compared to the conventional group (P<0.05). The readmission rate and multiple readmission rate were lower in the training group compared to the conventional group (P<0.05). Conclusions Early respiratory training combined with swallowing function training for BPD infants in a neonatal intensive care unit setting helps improve physical and neurological development and reduces the readmission rate.

Key words： Bronchopulmonary dysplasia Respiratory training Swallowing function training Prognosis Efficacy Infant

收稿日期: 2024-10-29

基金资助:湖南省卫生健康科研课题（202106041513）。

通讯作者: 廖镇宇，男，副主任医师。Email：471794723@qq.com。 E-mail: 471794723@qq.com

作者简介: 段雅琴，女，硕士，主治医师；

引用本文:

段雅琴,廖镇宇,胡继红等. 呼吸训练配合吞咽功能训练对支气管肺发育不良患儿纠正胎龄6月龄时影响的前瞻性研究[J]. 中国当代儿科杂志, 2025, 27(4): 420-424.

DUAN Ya-Qin,LIAO Zhen-Yu,HU Ji-Hong et al. Effects of respiratory training combined with swallowing function training on infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia at a corrected gestational age of 6 months: a prospective study[J]. CJCP, 2025, 27(4): 420-424.

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http://www.zgddek.com/CN/10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2410122 或 http://www.zgddek.com/CN/Y2025/V27/I4/420

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