OBJECTIVE: To assess bone health in epileptic children who have been treated with topiramate (TPM) or carbamazepine (CBZ). METHODS: Sixty-three epileptic children who received TPM or CBZ treatment and 36 eileptic children who did not receive any drug treatment (control group) were enrolled. Bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar vertebrae (L1-L4) and radius-ulna was evaluated by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method. Biochemical indices of bone metabolism, including serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase contents were measured. RESULTS: The serum calcium content was higher in the TPM group (2.41±0.17 mmol/L), but it was lower in the CBZ group (2.15±0.26 mmol/L) than that (2.26±0.11 mmol/L) in the control group (P<0.05). The serum phosphorus content in both the TPM (1.55±0.17 mmol/L) and the CBZ groups (1.52±0.26 mmol/L) was significantly lower than that in the control group (1.70±0.30 mmol/L) (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the serum content of alkaline phosphatase between three groups. BMD was significantly reduced in both the TPM and the CBZ groups when compared to the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: TPM and CBZ may result in alterations in serum contents of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase as well as BMD reduction.［Chin J Contemp Pediatr, 2010, 12 (2):96-98］