目的 调查甘肃省新生儿重症监护室（neonatal intensive care unit, NICU）母乳管理现状，为甘肃省NICU母乳管理的改进提供数据支持和科学依据。 方法 选择甘肃省地州市二级及以上医疗机构为研究对象，对甘肃省107家医院NICU母乳管理情况进行在线问卷调查。问卷内容包括医院母乳管理支持、母乳筛选、母乳质量控制、喂养相关的健康宣教和指导等。 结果 共收集甘肃省97家医院NICU的有效问卷，覆盖甘肃省所有地级市，有效回收率为90.6%；其中6家医院近5年未收治新生儿。91家医院中，13家（14%）未开展NICU母乳喂养，1家（1%）设母乳库。78家开展母乳喂养的医院中，三级医院配奶室使用率为89%，二级医院为82%；吸乳室设置率较低（19%）；三级医院使用一次性奶瓶的比例高于二级医院（P<0.05），二级医院更倾向于NICU自行消毒（36%）；87%的医院有冰箱温度监测记录；55%的医院对母乳进行细菌培养；母乳储存方式以冷藏保存为主（89%）；母乳宣传指导形式主要为口头宣教（97%）。 结论 甘肃省NICU母乳管理仍存在不足，建议加强母乳库建设保障母乳供应储存、建立质量控制体系优化管理措施、强化医务人员培训规范操作流程、加强母乳喂养宣教提升认知。

Objective To investigate the current status of breast milk management in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in Gansu Province and provide data support and a scientific basis for improvement. Methods Medical institutions at secondary level and above in prefectural and municipal areas of Gansu Province were targeted, and an online questionnaire on NICU breast milk management was administered to 107 hospitals. The questionnaire covered hospital support for breast milk management, screening of breast milk, quality control, and feeding-related health education and guidance. Results A total of 97 valid questionnaires were collected from hospitals across all prefecture-level cities in Gansu Province, with a valid response rate of 90.6%. Six hospitals had not admitted newborns in the past five years. Among the remaining 91 hospitals, 13 (14%) did not provide breastfeeding in the NICU, and 1 (1%) had a human milk bank. Among the 78 hospitals that provided breastfeeding, the utilization rate of milk preparation rooms was 89% in tertiary hospitals and 82% in secondary hospitals. The rate of establishing dedicated lactation rooms was low (19%). Tertiary hospitals used disposable feeding bottles more frequently than secondary hospitals (P<0.05), while secondary hospitals were more inclined to perform disinfection within the NICU (36%). Overall, 87% of hospitals had refrigerator temperature monitoring records, and 55% performed bacterial cultures of breast milk. Refrigerated storage was the primary method of breast milk preservation (89%). Breastfeeding education and guidance were mainly delivered through verbal education (97%). Conclusions Breast milk management in NICUs in Gansu Province remains suboptimal. Strengthening human milk bank construction to ensure supply and storage, establishing quality control systems to optimize management, enhancing staff training to standardize procedures, and reinforcing breastfeeding education to improve awareness are recommended.