目的 探讨小于胎龄儿（small for gestational age infant, SGA）校正12~24月龄神经心理发育现状及影响因素。 方法 回顾性收集2018年4月—2023年12月深圳市宝安区妇幼保健院754例校正12~24月龄SGA儿童的临床资料，分析其发育商（developmental quotient, DQ）水平，根据是否发生全面发育迟缓（global developmental delay, GDD）分为GDD组（71例）和对照组（683例），探讨其发生率及影响因素。 结果 高危早产SGA总DQ及各能区DQ均落后于足月SGA（P<0.017）。GDD总体发生率为9.4%（71/754），胎龄越小，发生率越高（P<0.017）。GDD组男性、低危及高危早产儿、母亲学历为本科以下、多胎、新生儿低血糖、新生儿肺炎、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、支气管肺发育不良，以及校正12~24月龄时低体重、生长迟缓、小头的比例高于对照组，新生儿住院时长长于对照组（P<0.05），而出生及校正12~24月龄时年龄别体重Z值、年龄别身长Z值、头围Z值低于对照组（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，男性、母亲学历为本科以下是SGA发生GDD的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。 结论 早产SGA神经心理发育水平相对落后，母亲学历为本科以下的男性SGA应予重点关注。

Objective To explore the status and risk factors of neuropsychological development in small for gestational age (SGA) infants at corrected 12-24 months of age. Methods Clinical data were retrospectively collected for 754 SGA infants at corrected ages 12-24 months in Shenzhen Bao'an Women and Children's Hospital between April 2018 and December 2023. Developmental quotient (DQ) levels were analyzed. According to the presence of global developmental delay (GDD), participants were divided into a GDD group (71 cases) and a control group (683 cases), and the incidence and influencing factors of GDD were investigated. Results In the high-risk preterm SGA group, the total DQ and DQ in all domains were lower than in the full-term SGA group (P<0.017). The overall incidence of GDD was 9.4% (71/754) and increased with decreasing gestational age (P<0.017). Compared with the control group, the GDD group had higher proportions of males; low-risk and high-risk preterm birth; mothers with less than a bachelor's degree; multiple birth; neonatal hypoglycemia; neonatal pneumonia; neonatal respiratory distress syndrome; bronchopulmonary dysplasia; and, at corrected 12-24 months, low body weight, growth retardation, and microcephaly. The length of neonatal hospital stay was longer in the GDD group than in the control group (P<0.05). The weight-for-age Z score, length-for-age Z score, and head circumference-for-age Z score at birth and at corrected 12-24 months were lower in the GDD group than in the control group (P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression showed that male sex and maternal education below a bachelor's degree were independent risk factors for GDD in SGA infants (P<0.05). Conclusions Neuropsychological development in preterm SGA infants is comparatively delayed; male SGA infants born to mothers with less than a bachelor's degree should receive priority attention.