急性B淋巴细胞性白血病（B⁃cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, B⁃ALL）是儿童最常见的血液系统恶性肿瘤。高危B⁃ALL患儿因早期治疗反应不佳、携带高危遗传学特征等因素，易出现耐药与复发，预后较差，已成为临床亟待解决的难点。近年来，基于分子分型的风险分层推动了治疗策略优化，精准化、个体化治疗已成为临床研究与实践的焦点。该文就个体化治疗在儿童高危B⁃ALL中的研究进展作一综述，以期为临床诊疗提供理论依据。

B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common hematologic malignancy in children. High-risk B-ALL, due to factors such as poor early treatment response and adverse genetic features, is prone to drug resistance and relapse, resulting in an unfavorable prognosis and posing a major clinical challenge. In recent years, risk stratification based on molecular subtyping has driven optimization of therapeutic strategies, and precision, individualized treatment has become the focus of clinical research and practice. This review summarizes the research progress in individualized therapy for pediatric high-risk B-ALL, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.