目的 分析中性粒细胞及其趋化因子在新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎（necrotizing enterocolitis, NEC）肠组织中的变化，检测相关受体在外周血中的表达，探索其在NEC中的意义。 方法 前瞻性收集2022年6月—2023年9月在郑州大学第三附属医院行手术治疗的NEC和肠闭锁患儿的临床资料、外周血及肠组织，将患儿分为NEC组和肠闭锁组。比较两组病理学检测结果及肠组织趋化因子、外周血中性粒细胞受体水平。 结果 NEC组肠组织中有大量中性粒细胞积聚。与肠闭锁组比较，NEC组肠组织中的中性粒细胞趋化因子CCL2、CCL3、CCL4、CCL5、CXCL1、CXCL8、白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂的浓度较高（均P<0.05）；NEC组外周血中趋化因子受体CXCR2、CCR1在白细胞亚群上的共表达的比例及趋化因子受体CD66、CXCR2在白细胞亚群上共表达的比例较高（均P<0.05）。 结论 NEC病程中肠组织内的趋化因子浓度广泛升高，同时外周血白细胞表达中性粒细胞趋化因子受体，共同趋化外周血中性粒细胞向肠组织迁移和浸润。

Objective To analyze changes in neutrophil infiltration and chemokines in intestinal tissue from neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and to assess the expression of related receptors in peripheral blood, in order to explore their significance in NEC. Methods Clinical data, peripheral blood, and intestinal tissue from neonates with NEC and intestinal atresia who underwent surgery at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2022 to September 2023 were prospectively collected and classified into an NEC group and an intestinal atresia group. Pathology results, chemokine levels in intestinal tissue, and neutrophil chemokine receptors in peripheral blood were compared between the two groups. Results In the NEC group, marked accumulation of neutrophils was observed in intestinal tissue. Compared with the intestinal atresia group, intestinal tissue concentrations of CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL1, CXCL8, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist were higher (all P<0.05). In peripheral blood leukocyte subsets, the percentages of cells co-expressing CXCR2/CCR1 and CD66/CXCR2 were higher in the NEC group (both P<0.05). Conclusions In NEC, chemokine concentrations in intestinal tissue are broadly elevated, and peripheral blood leukocytes express neutrophil chemokine receptors, which together may promote the migration and infiltration of neutrophils from peripheral blood into intestinal tissue.