目的 探讨发生动脉导管未闭（patent ductus arteriosus, PDA）的极早产儿使用不同布洛芬治疗方案对支气管肺发育不良（bronchopulmonary dysplasia, BPD）发生的影响。 方法 采用病例对照方法，回顾性分析2017年9月—2019年12月入住广州医科大学附属第三医院，且符合纳入标准的230例发生PDA的极早产儿的病例资料，使用逆概率加权法分析使用布洛芬治疗、开始治疗时间和第1个疗程布洛芬总量对BPD发生风险的影响。 结果 在发生PDA的极早产儿中，接受布洛芬治疗后发生BPD的风险是未接受治疗的0.326倍（OR=0.326，95%CI：0.134~0.698）。PDA开始治疗日龄≤2周发生BPD的风险是开始治疗日龄>2周的0.393倍（OR=0.393，95%CI：0.187~0.800）。布洛芬第1个疗程是否采用高剂量（30~50 mg/kg）与BPD发生风险的关联没有统计学意义（OR=1.846，95%CI：0.903~3.887）。 结论 在发生PDA的极早产儿中，接受布洛芬治疗、PDA开始治疗日龄≤2周是BPD发生的保护因素，布洛芬第1个疗程采用高剂量可能与BPD发生风险变化无关。

Objective To examine how different ibuprofen treatment regimens affect the occurrence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from September 2017 to December 2019. A total of 230 extremely preterm infants with PDA who met the inclusion criteria were included. The inverse probability of treatment weighting method was applied to evaluate the associations of ibuprofen treatment, the age at treatment initiation, and the total ibuprofen dose in the first course with the risk of BPD. Results Among extremely preterm infants with PDA, the risk of BPD after ibuprofen treatment was 0.326 times that of infants without treatment (OR=0.326, 95%CI: 0.134-0.698). Initiating treatment at an age of ≤2 weeks was associated with a 0.393-fold risk of BPD compared with initiation at >2 weeks (OR=0.393, 95%CI: 0.187-0.800). The use of a high dose (30-50 mg/kg) in the first course of ibuprofen showed no statistically significant association with BPD risk (OR=1.846, 95%CI: 0.903-3.887). Conclusions In extremely preterm infants with PDA, ibuprofen treatment and initiating treatment at an age of ≤2 weeks are protective factors for BPD, while use of a high dose in the first course appears to be unrelated to the risk of BPD.