目的 探讨早期经幽门管喂养（early transpyloric feeding, ETPF）对极/超早产儿（胎龄<32周）支气管肺发育不良（bronchopulmonary dysplasia, BPD）发生风险的影响。 方法 纳入2022年4月—2024年12月厦门市妇幼保健院新生儿科重症监护室收治的87例极/超早产儿，根据喂养管置入方式分为ETPF组（42例）和经口胃管喂养（orogastric tube feeding, OGTF）组（45例），比较分析两组早产儿的营养指标、用氧情况和BPD发生率。采用多因素logistic回归分析评估ETPF对极/超早产儿BPD发生风险的影响。 结果 与OGTF组比较，ETPF组喂养不耐受的发生率显著降低（P<0.05），住院第2周时奶量及其热卡更高（P<0.05），达全肠内喂养日龄、口服热卡达110 kcal/（kg·d）及总热卡达110 kcal/（kg·d）日龄均明显缩短（均P<0.05）。ETPF组的BPD发生率显著低于OGTF组（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，ETPF是BPD发生风险降低的独立相关因素（OR=0.286，95%CI：0.089~0.922）。 结论 ETPF可以促进极/超早产儿肠内喂养的耐受性，尽早建立全肠道喂养，降低BPD的发生风险。

Objective To investigate the effect of early transpyloric feeding (ETPF) on the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in very preterm/extremely preterm infants (gestational age <32 weeks). Methods A total of 87 very preterm/extremely preterm infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Xiamen Maternal and Child Health Hospital between April 2022 and December 2024 were included. According to the feeding tube placement method, infants were divided into an ETPF group (n=42) and an orogastric tube feeding (OGTF) group (n=45). Nutritional indicators, oxygen use, and the incidence of BPD were compared between the two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between ETPF and the risk of BPD. Results Compared with the OGTF group, the ETPF group had a significantly lower incidence of feeding intolerance (P<0.05), higher milk volume and caloric intake at week 2 of hospitalization (P<0.05), and significantly shorter time to achieve full enteral feeding, time to reach an oral caloric intake of 110 kcal/(kg·d), and time to reach a total caloric intake of 110 kcal/(kg·d) (all P<0.05). The incidence of BPD was significantly lower in the ETPF group than in the OGTF group (P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that ETPF was an independent factor associated with a reduced risk of BPD (OR=0.286, 95%CI: 0.089-0.922). Conclusions ETPF improves enteral feeding tolerance in very preterm/extremely preterm infants, enables earlier establishment of full enteral feeding, and reduces the risk of BPD.