目标性新生儿超声心动图（targeted neonatal echocardiography, TNE）是指使用超声心动图有目的地评估新生儿心血管生理状态和血流动力学，以提高新生儿监护室的诊断和治疗水平。新生儿心脏床旁超声（cardiac point⁃of⁃care ultrasound, cPOCUS）是一种有限的心血管评估，主要包括导管尖端评估、心包积液的识别，以及在血流动力学不稳定的新生儿中区分低血容量和严重心肌收缩力损伤。《新生儿重症监护室中目标性新生儿超声心动图和心脏监护床旁超声的指南和建议：美国超声心动图学会的最新进展》主要包括5个方面的内容：（1）关于TNE和cPOCUS的目的和基本原理；（2）标准TNE和cPOCUS评估的组成概述；（3）基于疾病和/或临床情景的TNE适应证；（4）TNE和cPOCUS的培训和基于能力的评估要求；（5）质量保证的组成部分。该文主要对该指南的前两部分内容进行解读。

Targeted neonatal echocardiography (TNE) refers to the purposeful use of echocardiography to assess neonatal cardiovascular physiology and hemodynamics, with the aim of improving diagnosis and treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit. Neonatal cardiac point-of-care ultrasound (cPOCUS) is a limited cardiovascular evaluation focused on catheter tip position assessment, identification of pericardial effusion, and differentiation between hypovolemia and severe reduction in myocardial contractility in hemodynamically unstable neonates. The guideline "Guidelines and recommendations for targeted neonatal echocardiography and cardiac point-of-care ultrasound in the neonatal intensive care unit: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography" covers five main areas: (1) purpose and basic principles of TNE and cPOCUS; (2) an overview of the components of a standard TNE and cPOCUS evaluation; (3) disease- and/or clinical scenario-based indications for TNE; (4) training and competency-based assessment requirements for TNE and cPOCUS; and (5) components of quality assurance. This article selectively interprets the first two areas of the guideline.