登革病毒（dengue virus）、基孔肯雅病毒（chikungunya virus）和寨卡病毒（Zika virus, ZIKV）等蚊媒病毒感染已成为全球热带及亚热带地区人群健康的重大威胁，特别是在新生儿中，蚊媒病毒感染的易感性和疾病负担引起了广泛关注。新生儿蚊媒病毒感染的传播途径包括母婴垂直传播（胎盘传播、分娩期暴露等）和蚊虫叮咬。其临床表现常不具特异性，部分病例可进展为中枢神经系统感染、出血性疾病或引发远期神经发育障碍，严重影响患儿的生命安全与生活质量。我国已发布成人和孕产妇相关防控方案，但尚缺乏新生儿蚊媒病毒感染的系统性临床诊疗与防控指导。中国医师协会儿科医师分会围产医学学组牵头组织专家，结合国内外最新循证医学证据和我国实际防控经验，针对新生儿蚊媒病毒感染的流行病学、孕母感染对胎儿和新生儿的影响、新生儿感染的临床表现、诊断与鉴别诊断、重症病例预警、治疗策略与支持治疗、防控与母婴管理等方面制定了该共识，旨在为临床一线提供科学、规范的诊疗指导。

Mosquito-borne viruses, including dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Zika virus (ZIKV), pose major threats to public health in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Neonates are particularly vulnerable, and the associated disease burden has drawn increasing attention. Routes of neonatal infection include vertical mother-to-child transmission (transplacental and peripartum) and postnatal mosquito bites. Clinical manifestations are often nonspecific; a proportion of cases may progress to central nervous system infection, hemorrhagic disease, or long-term neurodevelopmental impairment, with serious consequences for survival and quality of life. Although China has issued prevention and control guidelines for adults and pregnant women, systematic clinical guidance tailored to neonates remains lacking. In response, the Perinatal Group of the Pediatric Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association convened a multidisciplinary panel to develop this expert consensus, integrating the latest international evidence with China's practical prevention and control experience. The consensus addresses epidemiology; the effects of maternal infection on fetuses and neonates; clinical manifestations; diagnosis and differential diagnosis; early warning indicators of severe disease; therapeutic strategies and supportive care; and prevention and maternal-infant management. It aims to provide evidence-based, standardized, and practical guidance for frontline clinicians managing neonatal mosquito-borne viral infections.