目的 探讨儿童静脉血栓性疾病的临床特点、诊断思路、多学科诊疗模式及抗凝治疗策略，总结诊疗经验，为提高该类疾病的规范诊疗水平提供参考。 方法 回顾性分析经深圳市儿童医院多学科综合治疗协作组（multidisciplinary team, MDT）诊治的40例静脉血栓性疾病患儿的临床资料，包括人口学特征、基础疾病、高危因素、临床表现、诊断过程、抗凝治疗方案及临床转归。 结果 40例静脉血栓性疾病患儿中，最常见的危险因素为中心静脉导管置入（42%），最常见的基础疾病为恶性肿瘤（30%）及严重感染（25%）。静脉血栓性疾病临床表现多样且隐匿，易被原发病掩盖。所有病例均通过影像学检查确诊。抗凝治疗以低分子肝素和华法林为主，部分病例尝试了口服抗凝药。经MDT管理和个体化抗凝治疗后，总体再通率达98%，出血发生率为5%，未发生大出血事件。 结论 儿童静脉血栓性疾病多继发于严重基础疾病，临床表现不典型，诊断需提高警惕。建立以MDT为核心的诊疗模式，实施个体化抗凝治疗，能有效改善患儿预后，是管理此类复杂疾病的有效策略。

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnostic approach, multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment model, and anticoagulation strategies of venous thrombotic disease in children, summarize diagnosis and treatment experience, and provide a reference for improving standardized management of this condition. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 40 children with venous thrombotic disease managed by the multidisciplinary team (MDT) at Shenzhen Children's Hospital. Data included demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic procedures, anticoagulation regimens, and clinical outcomes. Results Among the 40 children, the most common risk factor was central venous catheter placement (42%), and the most frequent underlying diseases were malignant tumors (30%) and severe infections (25%). Clinical manifestations were diverse and often insidious, frequently masked by primary diseases. All cases were confirmed by imaging examinations. Anticoagulation mainly involved low-molecular-weight heparin and warfarin, with some patients receiving oral anticoagulants. Following MDT management and individualized anticoagulation therapy, the overall recanalization rate was 98%, the incidence of bleeding was 5%, and no major bleeding events occurred. Conclusions Venous thrombotic disease in children commonly occurs secondary to severe underlying conditions and presents with atypical clinical features, requiring increased diagnostic vigilance. A diagnosis and treatment model centered on an MDT, combined with individualized anticoagulation therapy, effectively improves prognosis and represents an effective strategy for managing these complex cases.