目的 分析早产儿生长迟缓与围生期因素的关系。 方法 回顾性收集2018年1月—2025年12月武汉大学人民医院儿科儿童健康管理系统中的1 313例（共计3 228例次）2岁以下早产儿的身长数据资料。对不同围生期因素组的身长水平进行比较，分析早产儿生长迟缓与围生期因素的关系。 结果 不同性别、胎龄、出生体重、胎龄别体重的早产儿身长水平比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。早产儿生长迟缓率为29.77%（961/3 228）。多因素logistic逐步回归分析显示，胎龄≥32周、出生体重≥1 000 g、女性、轻度出生窒息史、母亲分娩年龄≥35岁是早产儿生长迟缓的保护因素（P<0.05）。 结论 早产儿生长迟缓受胎龄、出生体重、性别、母亲分娩年龄等多种围生期因素的影响，需制定早产儿个体化管理策略。

Objective To explore associations between growth retardation and perinatal factors in preterm infants. Methods Length data of 3 228 measurements from 1 313 preterm infants aged under 2 years of age were retrospectively collected from the Child Health Management System of the Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, between January 2018 and December 2025. Length was compared across groups stratified by perinatal factors. Associations between perinatal factors and growth retardation were analyzed. Results Significant differences in length were found among subgroups stratified by sex, gestational age, birth weight, and weight-for-gestational age (P<0.05). The prevalence of growth retardation was 29.77% (961/3 228). Stepwise multivariable logistic regression identified gestational age ≥ 32 weeks, birth weight ≥ 1 000 g, female sex, history of mild birth asphyxia, and maternal age at delivery ≥ 35 years as independent protective factors against growth retardation (P<0.05). Conclusions Growth retardation in preterm infants is influenced by multiple perinatal factors, such as gestational age, birth weight, sex, and maternal age at delivery. Individualized management strategies should be developed for preterm infants.