目的 了解新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间小学生心理健康状况及其心理健康状况的影响因素。方法 分别于2020年4月（疫情期间，3 600人）、2020年9月（常态化疫情防控期间，3 089人）对吉林省6~12岁小学生进行线上问卷调查。问卷调查内容包括一般资料和儿童青少年心理健康调查量表相关内容。采用多因素logistic回归分析调查疫情期间小学生心理健康状况的影响因素。结果 疫情期间与常态化疫情防控期间两组小学生在情绪体验和意志行为两个维度比较中，疫情期间组小学生心理健康状态较差（均P < 0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，随着年龄的增长小学生出现心理健康问题的风险相应降低（OR=0.895），女生出现心理健康问题的风险高于男生（OR=1.453），父亲、母亲性格介于急躁和平缓之间的小学生出现心理健康问题的风险较低（分别OR=0.496、0.470），家庭教育方式以鼓励与责骂兼顾的小学生出现心理健康问题的风险较低（OR=0.263），单亲家庭和大家庭的小学生出现心理健康问题的风险高于核心家庭（分别OR=2.995、3.446），均有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对小学生情绪体验和意志行为有一定的影响，应关注疫情期间小学生的心理健康状况，尤其应关注女孩、年幼的小学生，以及来自单亲家庭、大家庭及父母性格急躁、教育方式不恰当家庭的小学生。

Objective To study the mental health status of primary school students and the factors influencing the mental health status during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. Methods Online questionnaire surveys were conducted among 3 600 primary school students aged 6-12 years in Jilin Province, China in April, 2020 (during the epidemic) and 3 089 primary school students in September, 2020 (during the regular epidemic prevention and control). The general information and the data related to the Mental Health Scale for Child and Adolescent were collected by the questionnaire surveys. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the factors influencing the mental health status of the students during the epidemic. Results The students during the epidemic had a significantly poorer mental health status in the emotional experience and volitional behavior than those during the regular epidemic prevention and control (P < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the risk of psychological problems of the students decreased with age (OR=0.895). The girls were at a higher risk of psychological problems than boys (OR=1.453). The students with father's and mother's charater between irritability and gentle were at a lower risk of psychological problems (OR=0.496 and 0.470 respectively). The students from a family with a parental education style of a combination of encouraging and scolding were at a lower risk of psychological problems (OR=0.263). The students from a single-parent family or an extended family were at a higher risk of psychological problems (OR=2.995 and 3.446 respectively). Conclusions The COVID-19 epidemic has a certain impact on emotional experience and volitional behavior of primary school students. During the epidemic, particular attention should be paid to the mental health of primary school students, especially girls, younger students, and students from single-parent families, extended families or families with impatient parents and improper parental education.